mtDNA variation of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting on Iranian islands of the Persian Gulf

Tabib, Maryam Seyyed; Zolgharnein, Hossein; Mohammadi, Mehdi; Aliabadi, Mohammad Ali Salari; Qasemi, Ahmad; Roshani, S.; Rajabi-Maham, Hassan; Frootan, Fateme

doi:10.4238/vol10-3gmr1148

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We also documented the first sharing of a nesting haplotype across the entire expanse of multiple ocean basins, with haplotype EiIP33 (not found in the Atlantic) spanning from the westernmost Indo‐Pacific Ocean (i.e., Indian Ocean) to the EP Ocean (Tabib et al. ; Vargas et al. ; this study).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…3) for hawksbills in the EP suggest the species likely radiated out of the Indo-Pacific on a relatively recent evolutionary timescale (Gillespie 1984). We also documented the first sharing of a nesting haplotype across the entire expanse of multiple ocean basins, with haplotype EiIP33 (not found in the Atlantic) spanning from the westernmost Indo-Pacific Ocean (i.e., Indian Ocean) to the EP Ocean (Tabib et al 2011;Vargas et al 2015;this study). The presence of this haplotype in nesting populations across these ocean basins further supports a recent radiation.…”

Section: Evolutionary History and Phylogeographymentioning

confidence: 58%

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Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries

Gaos

Lewison

Liles

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Prior to 2008 and the discovery of several important hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting colonies in the EP (Eastern Pacific), the species was considered virtually absent from the region. Research since that time has yielded new insights into EP hawksbills, salient among them being the use of mangrove estuaries for nesting. These recent revelations have raised interest in the genetic characterization of hawksbills in the EP, studies of which have remained lacking to date. Between 2008 and 2014, we collected tissue samples from 269 nesting hawksbills at nine rookeries across the EP and used mitochondrial DNA sequences (766 bp) to generate the first genetic characterization of rookeries in the region. Our results inform genetic diversity, population differentiation, and phylogeography of the species. Hawksbills in the EP demonstrate low genetic diversity: We identified a total of only seven haplotypes across the region, including five new and two previously identified nesting haplotypes (pooled frequencies of 58.4% and 41.6%, respectively), the former only evident in Central American rookeries. Despite low genetic diversity, we found strong stock structure between the four principal rookeries, suggesting the existence of multiple populations and warranting their recognition as distinct management units. Furthermore, haplotypes EiIP106 and EiIP108 are unique to hawksbills that nest in mangrove estuaries, a behavior found only in hawksbills along Pacific Central America. The detected genetic differentiation supports the existence of a novel mangrove estuary “reproductive ecotype” that may warrant additional conservation attention. From a phylogeographic perspective, our research indicates hawksbills colonized the EP via the Indo‐Pacific, and do not represent relict populations isolated from the Atlantic by the rising of the Panama Isthmus. Low overall genetic diversity in the EP is likely the combined result of few rookeries, extremely small reproductive populations and evolutionarily recent colonization events. Additional research with larger sample sizes and variable markers will help further genetic understanding of hawksbill turtles in the EP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Evolutionary History and Phylogeographymentioning

confidence: 58%

Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries

Gaos

Lewison

Liles

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Phylogeographic studies of hawksbill turtles have been performed apart for populations in Brazil (Lara-Ruiz et al, 2006;Vilaça et al, 2013;Proietti et al, 2014), Caribbean (Bass et al, 1996;Troëng et al, 2005;Bowen and Karl, 2007;Velez-Zuazo et al, 2008;Blumenthal et al, 2009;Richardson et al, 2009;Browne et al, 2010;LeRoux et al, 2012;Carreras et al, 2013;Wood et al, 2013;Gorham et al, 2014;Trujillo-Arias et al, 2014;Cazabon-Mannette et al, 2016;Hill et al, 2018;Labastida-Estrada et al, 2018), Eastern Atlantic (Monzón-Argüello et al, 2010Putman et al, 2014), Indo-Pacific (Vargas et al, 2016), Persian Gulf (Tabib et al, 2011(Tabib et al, , 2014Natoli et al, 2017), Eastern Pacific (Gaos et al, 2012(Gaos et al, , 2016(Gaos et al, , 2017(Gaos et al, , 2018Zuniga-Marroquin and Monteros, 2017), Southeast Asia (Nishizawa et al, 2016) and Japan (Nishizawa et al, 2010). The first genetic studies used mtDNA control region data based on approximately 300 bp sequences (Bass et al, 1999;Dias-Fernández et al, 1999;Troëng et al, 2005;Bowen and Karl, 2007;Nishizawa et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global phylogeography of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

2020

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The hawksbill turtle is a broadly distributed, highly migratory and critically endangered sea turtle species. The paucity of studies restricts the comprehension of its behavior and life history. In this work, we performed a global phylogeographic analysis using a compilation of previously published mitochondrial haplotype data to understand the dynamics and diversity of hawksbill populations worldwide. Our results revealed a complex demographic pattern associated to hawksbill phylogeography since the Pliocene. Isolation by distance is not enough to explain distinct demographic units of hawksbill turtles, which are also influenced by other factors as oceanic currents, coral reef distribution and nesting timing. The foraging aggregations are typically mixed stocks of individuals originating from multiple nesting areas, but there is also a trend of foragers coming from nearby natal beaches. Phylogenetic analysis indicates two highly divergent major lineages split between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific rookeries, but there is also a more recent Atlantic Ocean colonization from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Long-distance dispersal events are likely responsible for homogenization between distant populations within oceans. Our findings provided new insights about population connectivity, identified gaps that should be prioritized in future research and highlighted the need for international efforts aiming at hawksbill's conservation.

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“…Adults travel hundreds or thousands of kilometres from foraging sites to the breeding regions (Van Dam et al ., 2008). Various studies have shown that only green and hawksbill turtles breed in the Persian Gulf coasts, while other species come to these coasts for feeding and grazing (Valavi, 1993; Saeedpour et al ., 2003; Mobaraki & Elmi, 2005; Moghimi et al ., 2009; Tabib et al ., 2011). Eretmochelys imbricata is the only species which was observed laying eggs in the Kish Island coast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesting ecology and reproductive biology of the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, at Kish Island, Persian Gulf

2015

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The ecology and reproductive biology of the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata were studied in Kish Island, Persian Gulf. The studied parameters include: environmental factors such as air temperature and humidity, soil types in different habitats during the breeding season; parameters related to the females' body and hatchlings biometrics i.e. weight, curved carapace length (CCL), straight carapace length (SCL), curved carapace width (CCW) and straight carapace width (SCW); and parameters related to reproductive biology, i.e. breeding time during diurnal, total eggs laid, the numbers of normal and abnormal eggs, weight and diameter of the eggs, incubation period and hatching success (HS). The temperature, humidity and soil size in different nest sites were 18.5–31°C, 70 to 88% and 0.063 to 4 mm, respectively. Means of weight, CCL, SCL, CCW and SCW of the females were 39.8 kg, 71.6, 65.1, 65.2 and 51.8 cm, respectively. The average of total egg numbers, normal and abnormal eggs by each individual female were 92.9, 75.2 and 17.7 respectively. Diameter and weight of every egg measured 38.4 mm and 33.6 g. Average of incubation period and HS were 60.9 days and 75.8%. According to the positive and significant correlation between CCL and CCW with weight took exponential regression models.

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mtDNA variation of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting on Iranian islands of the Persian Gulf

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries

Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries

Global phylogeography of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

Nesting ecology and reproductive biology of the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, at Kish Island, Persian Gulf

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