mTOR and the health benefits of exercise

Watson, K.; Baar, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.013

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Exercise has been found to benefit health in many ways which appears to involve regulatory pathways of metabolism [100]. Exercise is performed in bouts and stimulates metabolism strongly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the physiology of the ageing individual: computational modelling of changes in metabolism and endurance

2016

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One contribution of 12 to a theme issue 'The Human Physiome: a necessary key to the creative destruction of medicine'. Ageing and lifespan are strongly affected by metabolism. The maximal possible uptake of oxygen is not only a good predictor of performance in endurance sports, but also of life expectancy. Figuratively speaking, healthy ageing is a competitive sport. Although the root cause of ageing is damage to macromolecules, it is the balance with repair processes that is decisive. Reduced or intermittent nutrition, hormones and intracellular signalling pathways that regulate metabolism have strong effects on ageing. Homeostatic regulatory processes tend to keep the environment of the cells within relatively narrow bounds. On the other hand, the body is constantly adapting to physical activity and food consumption. Spontaneous fluctuations in heart rate and other processes indicate youth and health. A (homeo)dynamic aspect of homeostasis deteriorates with age. We are now in a position to develop computational models of human metabolism and the dynamics of heart rhythm and oxygen transport that will advance our understanding of ageing. Computational modelling of the connections between dietary restriction, metabolism and protein turnover may increase insight into homeostasis of the proteins in our body. In this way, the computational reconstruction of human physiological processes, the Physiome, can help prevent frailty and age-related disease.

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“…Exercise has been found to benefit health in many ways which appears to involve regulatory pathways of metabolism [100]. Exercise is performed in bouts and stimulates metabolism strongly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the physiology of the ageing individual: computational modelling of changes in metabolism and endurance

2016

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“…Exercise can be described as "potent medicine" that improves many aspects of an individual's health 10) . Aerobic exercise greatly contributes to fat metabolism by consuming fat as an energy supply, and muscle hypertrophy stimulated by anaerobic exercise can enhance the basic *Correspondence: hajime-y@m.ehime-u.ac.jp metabolic rate.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Human Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercises may effectively prevent obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The effects of exercise lead to increases in muscle and bone mass 1,2,10,11) and flexibility of blood vessels 3,4) , mediated not only by the upregulation of protein synthesis 10,11) and bone metabolism 12,13) , but also by cell and tissue proliferation and differentiation [12][13][14] . Different modes of exercise generate different effects.…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Human Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for the delay in elucidating this mechanism may be that the mechanisms for the conversion of physical stimuli, such as exercise, into biological/chemical reactions, such as biochemical or gene expression reactions, are not yet fully elucidated. However, progress in studies on mTOR may help elucidate these mechanisms 10,11) . The pathway of IGF-1 → phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) → protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt → mTOR may participate in the recruitment of mTOR activation for the transduction of exercise effects [41][42][43] .…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On Human Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a small number of molecules have been experimentally detected that are capable of sensing and transducing mechanostimuli, for example, stress-activated cation channels (SACs) [5][6][7] and cytoskeleton-related proteins 8,9) . One molecule, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), has long been known as a regulator of protein synthesis; but it is currently attracting attention for its mechanoreactivity 10,11) . The nomenclature for this molecule has now changed to "mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin," reflecting the rising recognition of its critical role in mechanotransduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cellular mechanotransduction of physical force and organ response to exercise-induced mechanical stimuli

Yano

Choudhury

Islam

et al. 2015

JPFSM

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The variable effects of mechanical stimuli induced by exercise on the human body are becoming better understood. Additionally, the indispensable effect of constant gravity on the human body to construct and maintain living organisms is known from observed muscle and bone regression induced by long-term recumbency or visits to gravity-free environments, such as space. Based on reactions of the body, cells faced with various inputs largely depend on gene expression, biochemical processes, or both. Thus, it is easy to imagine that physical input can be converted into a chemical process. The conversion process that changes physical forces (mechanical stimuli) into chemical reactions in a cell is called mechanotransduction. A growing number of studies examining mechanotransduction have led to a new phase in the understanding of exercise-induced effects on organisms.

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Physical Exercise Prevented Stress‐Induced Anxiety via Improving Brain RNA Methylation

Wei

Yang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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Physical exercise is effective in alleviating mental disorders by improving synaptic transmission; however, the link between body endurance training and neural adaptation has not yet been completely resolved. In this study, the authors investigated the role of RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), an emerging epigenetic mechanism, in improved resilience against chronic restraint stress. A combination of molecular, behavioral, and in vivo recording data demonstrates exercise‐mediated restoration of m6A in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex, whose activity is potentiated to exert anxiolytic effects. Furthermore, it is revealed that hepatic biosynthesis of one methyl donor is necessary for exercise to improve brain RNA m6A to counteract environmental stress. This novel liver‐brain axis provides an explanation for brain network changes upon exercise training and provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders.

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mTOR and the health benefits of exercise

Cited by 82 publications

References 118 publications

Understanding the physiology of the ageing individual: computational modelling of changes in metabolism and endurance

Understanding the physiology of the ageing individual: computational modelling of changes in metabolism and endurance

Cellular mechanotransduction of physical force and organ response to exercise-induced mechanical stimuli

Physical Exercise Prevented Stress‐Induced Anxiety via Improving Brain RNA Methylation

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