“…Several studies reported flagellin to induce the secretion of chemokines (IL-8, CXCL1, and CCL20) and cytokines (TGF-β1, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IL-6) from both airway and intestinal epithelial cells [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Mechanistically, flagellin-induced CCL20, TGF-β1, IL-8, and IL-6 production from epithelial cells were shown to be both MAPK- [ 44 , 45 , 50 , 53 ] and at least in part NF κ B-dependent [ 51 , 53 , 54 ].…”