Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: An in situ hybridization study

Mansour, Alfred; Fox, Charles A.; Burke, Sharon; Meng, Fan; Thompson, Robert C.; Akil, Huda; Watson, Stanley J.

doi:10.1002/cne.903500307

Cited by 781 publications

(556 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…[12][13][14] Interestingly, the m-opioid receptor (m-R) is enriched in these sites. 175 Melanocortins can antagonize the addictive properties of opiates and can provoke signs analogous to those by opiate withdrawal in drug-naive animals. 13,176 In addition, b-endorphin, like a-MSH and g-MSH, is cleaved from POMC, 13,70,177 suggesting that the endogenous opioid peptide and melanocortins may be coreleased.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Body weight is regulated by the brain: a link between feeding and emotion

2005

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Regulated energy homeostasis is fundamental for maintaining life. Unfortunately, this critical process is affected in a high number of mentally ill patients. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are prevalent in modern societies. Impaired appetite and weight loss are common in patients with depression. In addition, the use of neuroleptics frequently produces obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of these behavioral and metabolic conditions are largely unknown. In this review, we first concentrate on the established brain machinery of food intake and body weight, especially on the melanocortin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems as illustration. These systems play a critical role in receiving and processing critical peripheral metabolic cues such as leptin and ghrelin. It is also notable that both systems modulate emotion and motivated behavior as well. Secondly, we discuss the significance and potential promise of multidisciplinary molecular and neuroanatomic techniques that will likely increase the understanding of brain circuitries coordinating energy homeostasis and emotion. Finally, we introduce several lines of evidence suggesting a link between the melanocortin/NPY systems and several neurotransmitter systems on which many of the psychotropic agents exert their influence. Maintaining energy homeostasis is fundamental for survival. However, obesity due to over-nutrition is an increasing worldwide public health problem. 1 In psychiatric practice, on the other hand, impaired appetite is one of the crucial issues. Anorexia and weight loss are common, for example, in patients suffering from depression. Eating disorders are medically intractable and life threatening. In addition, the so-called 'atypical' antipsychotic agents, currently and widely used to treat psychoses, often induce hyperphagia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. [2][3][4] In the past decade, fortunately, there has been remarkable progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of food intake and body weight. This is due in large part to increased research activity towards combating the rising incidences of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. As a result, it is now established that the central nervous system (CNS) senses and processes peripheral metabolic cues including leptin 5 and ghrelin, 6,7 resulting in coordinated energy homeostasis. However, the pathophysiology of the disequilibrium between energy intake and expenditure in psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that several CNS systems regulating energy balance may be dysregulated in patients with mental illnesses, for example, eating disorders, and drug addiction. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In the current review, we will illustrate the neuroanatomic and molecular genetic aspects of the melanocortin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems residing in the CNS downstream of leptin and ghrelin, to discuss the neural bases of feeding, metabolism, and emotion. Additionally, we point the reader to...

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confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the PAG receives melanocortin inputs and expresses MC4-R mRNA and m-R mRNAs. 77,79,80,107,175 In addition, the PAG is more deeply implicated in morphine dependence than is the VTA. 179 Collectively, it is attractive to speculate that melanocortinergic agents may be effective in treating addiction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Body weight is regulated by the brain: a link between feeding and emotion

2005

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“…Naloxone is generally regarded as a relatively nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, but research has shown that at low doses, its effects are primarily mediated through mu receptors [68]. These receptors are highly localized within the NAc, VP, and BLA, and their activities have been previously shown to affect both hedonic and motivational processes related to food consumption [12,19,22,26,28,34,35,69]. Future research focusing on central manipulations will prove fruitful to our understanding of this topic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endogenous opioid system (EOS) consists of a number of opioid peptides and their respective receptors, distributed throughout a number of central and peripheral tissues [12][13][14][15]. EOS involvement in a number of biological processes that include analgesia, hormone regulation, motor function, motivation, and hedonic processing can likely be attributed to their vast localization in the brain and periphery [10,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioidergic and dopaminergic modulation of cost/benefit decision-making in Long Evans Rats

Morales

Currie

Hackenberg

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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Highlights• We assess opioid and dopamine control of food intake with two cost/benefit decision-making tasks • Naloxone reduces operant responses for palatable food without affecting free chow intake • Haloperidol shifts behavior away from lever pressing and increases free chow feeding • Naloxone reduces preference for palatable banana pellets when no effort is involved • Dopamine antagonism reduces intake of both foods without altering preference AbstractEating disorders are associated with impaired decision-making and dysfunctional reward-related neurochemistry. The present study examined the potential contributions of dopamine and opioid signaling to these processes using two different decision-making tasks. In one task, Long Evans Rats chose between working for a preferred food (high-carbohydrate banana-flavored sucrose pellets) by lever pressing on a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement vs. obtaining less preferred laboratory chow that was concurrently available. In a second (effort-free) task, rats chose between the same two reinforcers when they were both available freely. Rats were trained in these tasks before receiving haloperidol (0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or naloxone (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.). In the first task, haloperidol decreased breakpoint, lever presses, number of reinforcers earned, and increased chow intake, whereas naloxone decreased breakpoint and number of reinforcers earned but had no effect on chow consumption. In the effort-free task, haloperidol reduced intakes of both foods without affecting preference, whereas naloxone selectively reduced the consumption of banana-pellets. The present findings support converging evidence suggesting that DA signaling affects processes more closely related to appetitive motivation, leaving other components of motivation unchanged. By contrast, opioid signaling appears to mediate aspects of hedonic feeding by selectively altering intakes of highly palatable foods. For preferred foods, both appetitive and consummatory aspects of food intake were altered by opioid receptor antagonism. Our findings argue against a general suppression of appetite by either compound, as appetite manipulations have been shown to unselectively alter intakes of both types of food regardless of the task employed.

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“…e.g. μ-opioid receptors (in NTS and DMNV) [157], cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 -receptors in NTS and DMNV and CB 2 -receptors in NTS and brain stem neurons) [158,159] NK 1 -receptors in NTS and DMNV) [160,161], angiotensin AT 1 receptors in in the NTS, area postrema and DMNV [162,163] can influence gastric mucosal homeostasis. Our experimental results demonstrated that opioid peptides [4,133], anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) endocannabinoids, ligands of cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors [137,142], as well as (SP) [136] given i.c.v.…”

Section: Role Of Capsaicin Sensitive Afferent Fibers and In The Actiomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Nerves in Gastric Mucosal Protection Initiated Centrally or Peripherally under Experimental Conditions

Gyires¹

2014

Capsaicin - Sensitive Neural Afferentation and the Gastrointestinal Tract: From Bench to Bedside

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Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: An in situ hybridization study

Cited by 781 publications

References 103 publications

Body weight is regulated by the brain: a link between feeding and emotion

Body weight is regulated by the brain: a link between feeding and emotion

Opioidergic and dopaminergic modulation of cost/benefit decision-making in Long Evans Rats

The Role of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Nerves in Gastric Mucosal Protection Initiated Centrally or Peripherally under Experimental Conditions

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