Mucin and Toll-like receptors in host defense against intestinal parasites

Moncada, Darcy M.; Kammanadiminti, Srinivas; Chadee, Kris

doi:10.1016/s1471-4922(03)00122-3

Cited by 172 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is widely accepted that the mucus layer constitutes an important physical obstacle that covers the mucosal surface and protects against pathogenic micro-organisms (Moncada et al, 2003b;Shirazi et al, 2000). Mucins are the main glycoproteins in mucus and have special physicochemical and protective properties (e.g.…”

Section: Nci-h292 Cells and Muc5ac Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, the complex structure of mucous secretion, which includes mucins and other components, such as sIgA, defensins, lysozyme and lactoferrin, is an effective barrier that traps and eliminates pathogenic micro-organisms (Moncada et al, 2003b). However, when microbial colonization and mucus degradation rates exceed the mucus response, some parasites are able to invade the tissues (Moncada et al, 2003b).…”

Section: Nci-h292 Cells and Muc5ac Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucins in the host defence against Naegleria fowleri and mucinolytic activity as a possible means of evasion

et al. 2008

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Naegleria fowleri is the aetiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). This parasite invades its host by penetrating the olfactory mucosa. During the initial stages of infection, the host response is initiated by the secretion of mucus that traps the trophozoites. Despite this response, some trophozoites are able to reach, adhere to and penetrate the epithelium. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of mucins on amoebic adherence and cytotoxicity to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and the MUC5AC-inducing cell line NCI-H292. We showed that mucins inhibited the adhesion of amoebae to both cell lines; however, this inhibition was overcome in a time-dependent manner. N. fowleri re-established the capacity to adhere faster than N. gruberi. Moreover, mucins reduced the cytotoxicity to target cells and the progression of the illness in mice. In addition, we demonstrated mucinolytic activity in both Naegleria strains and identified a 37 kDa protein with mucinolytic activity. The activity of this protein was inhibited by cysteine protease inhibitors. Based on these results, we suggest that mucus, including its major mucin component, may act as an effective protective barrier that prevents most cases of PAM; however, when the number of amoebae is sufficient to overwhelm the innate immune response, the parasites may evade the mucus by degrading mucins via a proteolytic mechanism.

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Section: Nci-h292 Cells and Muc5ac Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nci-h292 Cells and Muc5ac Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucins in the host defence against Naegleria fowleri and mucinolytic activity as a possible means of evasion

et al. 2008

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“…As the major constituent of the intestinal mucus layer, mucin forms the first line of host defense against invasion of E. histolytica (73). Mucin is a glycoprotein synthesized by goblet cells and submucosal glands, containing 80% carbohydrate by mass as O-linked polysaccharide chains.…”

Section: Mucinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk at the initial encounter: interplay between host defense and ameba survival strategies

Guo

Houpt

Petri

2007

Current Opinion in Immunology

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The host-parasite relationship is based on a series of interplays between host defense mechanisms and parasite survival strategies. Progress has been made in understanding the role of host immune response in amebiasis. While host cells elaborate diverse mechanisms for pathogen expulsion, amebae have also developed complex strategies to modulate host immune response and facilitate their own survival. This paper will give an overview of current research on the mutual interactions between host and Entamoeba histolytica in human and experimental amebiasis. Understanding this crosstalk is crucial for the effective design and implementation of new vaccines and drugs for this leading parasitic disease.

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“…[23,33] Some researchers have reported that the use of 2-5% DSS (w/v) (50,000 Da) in drinking water for a period of 5-9 successive days induces colitis in Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats. [20][21][22]26] It induces colitis by causing erosion with complete loss of surface epithelium. It causes deformity in the epithelial integrity, thereby increasing colonic mucosal permeability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,19] 2-5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water causes hyperemia, ulceration and submucosal edema of the colon, resulting in softening of stool with hemoccult, which symptomatically resembles UC in man. [20][21][22][23] Thus, a hypothesis was generated that, a root extract of R. communis may be effective in the treatment of UC, which is an inflammatory disease of the bowel/colon with oxidative stress as the main etiology. Literature survey shows that root part of R. communis has not been investigated for its effectiveness in UC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Saiyed¹

2017

IJGP

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Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorder which affects the lining of the colon and the rectum. It involves inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, nitrogen and oxygen-derived free radicals exerting oxidative stress, deranged colonic milieu, and increase in intestinal permeability. Ricinus communis roots are used traditionally in diseases of liver and rectum, in gastropathy such as constipation, inflammation, fever, colic and in colon cancer. Several reports exhibiting analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of R. communis root extract (RCRE) are available. Hence, this study was undertaken with the objective to evaluate the effectiveness of RCRE in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced UC in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). 5-Aminosalicylic acid was used as a standard drug, and RCRE was administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o. for 14 days. UC was induced by replacing drinking water with 4% DSS solution for the past 7 days. Results: Severity of colitis induced was assessed by observing macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and changes in the level of oxidative stress parameters. All parameters were altered in model control rats, while pretreatment with RCRE preserved normal colonic architecture, improved macroscopic and microscopic scores and altered oxidative stress biomarkers in the colon. Conclusion: Results showed the good effectiveness of RCRE against DSS-induced UC possibly by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

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Mucin and Toll-like receptors in host defense against intestinal parasites

Cited by 172 publications

References 52 publications

Mucins in the host defence against Naegleria fowleri and mucinolytic activity as a possible means of evasion

Mucins in the host defence against Naegleria fowleri and mucinolytic activity as a possible means of evasion

Crosstalk at the initial encounter: interplay between host defense and ameba survival strategies

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