Mücken und Zecken als Krankheitsvektoren: der Einfluss der Klimaerwärmung

Abstract

During the last 135 years, the average temperature in Germany has increased by 1.4 °C. By 2050, a further rise by 1.5 °C is expected. This is associated with an increase of precipitation during the winter months. This climate change probably will improve both the growth conditions for mosquitoes and ticks, as well as their ability to transmit infectious diseases. Today, vectors that have not yet been present are invading into Germany. Among them is Aedes albopictus, which transmits Chikungunya, Zika, and Dengue Fever. Also, spreading of autochthonous malaria and West Nile Fever appear possible in Germany. Because of the increased presence of Phlebotomus species, leishmaniasis should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in unclear hematologic diseases. Among the tick-borne diseases, climate change has already led to increased case numbers of Borreliosis and Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE), and Crimean Congo Virus is spreading from the Balkan region towards Central Europe. This requires physicians to consider additional differential diagnoses in febrile illnesses.

Systematic review: Yellow fever control through environmental management mechanisms

“…(3) articles were re-screened based on their abstract by two reviewers (SH and AK) for relevance; (4) further selection based on the whole text; (5) the reference section of each included article was examined for additional relevant articles; (6) additional relevant articles were screened, and articles meeting the pre-defined criteria were included; (7) the selected articles were categorised according to their quality and the environmental method mentioned.…”

Sport and climate change—how will climate change affect sport?

“…Mild winters produce favourable conditions for a high density and greater activity of native tick species (castor bean tick or Ixodes ricinus and meadow tick or Dermacentor reticulatus) in the spring. However, very hot and dry summers cause a reduction in the population such that the regional impact of climate change has yet to be conclusively ascertained (Hemmer, Emmerich, Loebermann, Frimmel, & Reisinger, 2018;Jendritzky, 2007;Mücke & Matzarakis, 2017). Early findings of a new tropical tick species-Hyalomma marginatum-have been reported in recent years.…”

“…Early findings of a new tropical tick species-Hyalomma marginatum-have been reported in recent years. A hot, dry climate poses no problem at all for this species (Hemmer et al, 2018). According to model calculations, the crucial parameter affecting the spread of ticks is the number of frost-free days (Eis et al, 2010).…”

“…Experts in tropical diseases expect to see outbreaks-small-scale ones initially-of dengue fever, Zika virus, West Nile fever and malaria in Germany. It is highly likely that chikungunya fever will become established in Germany (Hemmer et al, 2018).…”

Klimawandel und Gesundheit – klimabedingte Gesundheitsrisiken im deutschen Sport

“…Milde Winter begünstigen bereits im Frühjahr das gehäufte Auftreten und die frühe Aktivität heimischer Zeckenarten [10,16]. Jüngst wurden hierzulande außerdem erste Funde einer neuen tropischen Zeckenart, der Hyalomma marginatum, berichtet, die auch sehr trockenheiße Sommer überlebt [10]. Deutschland gilt insbesondere als Hochendemiegebiet für die Lyme-Borreliose, die häufigste durch Zecken übertragene Infektionskrankheit [16]…”