“…In recent years, many novel IDDs have been developed based on polymeric hydrogels, − microgels, , liposomes, polymer-drug conjugates, , nanoparticles, − nanogels, − and micelles − and shown great potential as therapeutic platforms for BC. Nanogels are three-dimensional structural hydrogels with nanoscale size ranges (typically less than 200 nm) formed by physically or chemically cross-linked polymers. , Nanogels exhibit distinctive features as nanocarriers for the application of BC therapy, such as high structural tunability and stability, good biocompatibility, facilitated delivery of multiple drugs with high loading efficiency, enhanced drug stability and efficacy, spatial and temporal drug release, and improved diffusion of drugs across bladder permeation barrier .…”