Mucocutaneous manifestation of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in relation to degree of immunosuppression: a study of a West African population

Umoru, Dominic; Oviawe, O; Ibadin, Michael O.; Onunu, A N; Esene, Hendrith A

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05077.x

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It was seen in 17 (10%) patients, the incidence being 11% in the normal CD4 category, 9% in the mild, and 14% in the advanced category of immunosuppression. This was in accordance with studies done by Wananukul et al., Umoru et al., and Doni et al . In our study, multiple lesions of MC (>20) were seen in three patients who belonged to the normal CD4 category.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In the study by Samanta et al., 108 HIV‐positive children were studied, and significantly higher incidence of clinico‐immunological progression of disease at a significantly shorter time period was found in those with PPE in comparison to those without PPE. In the study by Umoru et al., PPE was the most prevalent noninfectious lesion. Its presence had an inverse relationship with immune status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In conclusion, the commonest condition may vary in different parts of the world. In the Indian subcontinent, PPE was found to be the commonest condition while in Africa, conditions such as oral candidiasis, T. capitis, and plane warts were the predominant conditions. Our study was conspicuous for the absence of infectious conditions such as candidiasis and seborrheic dermatitis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In past studies worldwide, commonest conditions were infections such as oral candidiasis, T. capitis, and plane warts . In a study on 65 children in India, pruritic papular eruption (PPE) was seen in 19 children (29.23%) and was the most common condition .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 These studies have included children up to a maximum of 15 years. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] By including children up to 18 years, this study proposes to describe mucocutaneous manifestations in the adolescent group as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucocutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children in relation to the degree of immunosuppression

Britto

Augustine

2019

Int J Dermatology

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children is becoming a common occurrence. Worldwide, limited studies have been done on the mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV‐positive children. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations of pediatric HIV infection and correlate to degree of immunosuppression. Material and methods One hundred and sixty‐five children under 18 years with HIV, who presented to the departments of dermatology and pediatrics, were examined for mucocutaneous manifestations. Patients were classified into four groups of immunodeficiency such as normal, mild, advanced, and severe, based on NACO guidelines of immunosuppression. The most recent CD4 count (within 6 months of study period) was considered. Results One hundred and sixty‐five patients were examined, and skin manifestations were seen in 100 (61%) of them.The highest incidence of mucocutaneous manifestations was in 6–10 age group. Papular pruritic eruptions (PPE) (16%) was the most common condition, with highest prevalence in severe CD4 category (38%). Molluscum contagiosum (MC) (10%) was the most common infectious condition, with highest prevalence in advanced CD4 category (14%). Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) caused by nevirapine were seen in three children. The percentage of skin manifestations was highest in the advanced (107%) and severe (100%) CD4 category. There was no significant difference in manifestations between those who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and those not. Conclusion The percentage of skin manifestations increased with degree of CD4 depletion. PPE was found to be the hallmark of severe immunosuppression. However, opportunistic infections did not correlate with severity of immunodeficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%