Mucor divergence in aflatoxin effects with duckling bile and plasma

Lynd, J. Q.; Lynd, Frederick T.

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(71)90031-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This may represent a species difference. Lynd and Lynd (1971) reported that supplementation with riboflavin and pantothenol was very beneficial to ducklings with aflatoxicosis; however, their photomicrographs of histopathological changes indicated a response of the control birds to the riboflavin and pantothenol additions. This suggests that their basal diet was deficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Lynd and Lynd (1971) observed that the riboflavin in the bile of ducklings fed aflatoxin for 10 days was one-sixteenth of that from the birds given the aflatoxin-free diet, while the flavin monophosphate concentration of plasma was reduced only to one-fourth of that of the birds given the aflatoxin-free diet. These observations are suggestive of an impairment of riboflavin absorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Riboflavin and vitamin D 3 deficiencies interacted with aflatoxin in such a fashion that levels of aflatoxin too small to influence the growth rate in a normal diet caused growth inhibition in diets deficient in riboflavin or vitamin D 3 . If it is accepted that Lynd and Lynd (1971) worked with a deficient basal diet, then pantothenol can be added to this list of vitamin deficiencies that interact with aflatoxin on growth rate to the detriment of the birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1966) recognized a similarity between the hepatic injuries in riboflavin and pyridoxine deficient baboons and those induced by aflatoxin. More recently, Lynd and Lynd (1971) reported that aflatoxin reduced bile riboflavin and plasma flavin monophosphate in ducklings. They also reported that amending the diet with riboflavin and pantothenol had a strong protective effect against aflatoxin in ducklings.…”

Section: Introduction T Here Is Ample Evidence That Dietarymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Interaction of Dietary Aflatoxin With Some Vitamin Deficiencies

et al. 1974

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Feeding trials indicated that supplementing a diet adequate in vitamins with a four-fold excess of the National Research Council recommendations for vitamins afforded no protection against the growth inhibitory effect of aflatoxin in chickens. On the other hand, when the combined effects of dietary aflatoxin and vitamin deficiencies were studied the vitamin deficiencies investigated could be divided into three classes. Diets deficient in riboflavin or vitamin D 3 made chickens sensitive to levels of aflatoxin normally too small to influence their growth rate. In a diet adequate in vitamin D 3 , aflatoxin reduced the serum calcium level by 20 percent. The second class of vitamin deficiencies with regard to aflatoxin contained vitamin K 3 and vitamin E whose dietary status had no influence on aflatoxicosis as measured by growth rate. The third class was represented by thiamine. A thiamine deficiency had a protective effect against the growth inhibitory effect of dietary aflatoxin. This unexpected protective effect can be rationalized on the basis that aflatoxin inhibits transport of fat from the liver while a thiamine deficiency stimulates fatty acid oxidation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction T Here Is Ample Evidence That Dietarymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Interaction of Dietary Aflatoxin With Some Vitamin Deficiencies

et al. 1974

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Reduced aflatoxicosis in livers of hamsters fed a manganese sulfate supplement

Hastings

Llewellyn

1987

Nutrition and Cancer

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Male, weanling Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were given (for 10 weeks) diets supplemented with manganese sulfate, aflatoxin, or a combination of both. All animals were killed and a histopathologic evaluation was performed on each liver to assess the influence of a manganese-supplemented diet on aflatoxicosis. Serum cholesterol and liver glycogen levels were also analyzed to further study the interaction of manganese and aflatoxin. Characteristic aflatoxin-induced precancerous histopathologic changes were observed in animals receiving the toxin. These changes included bile duct cell hyperplasia, enlarged nuclei, nuclear inclusions, and megala-hepatocytes. The dietary manganese addition to aflatoxin animals caused a slight reduction in the bile duct cell hyperplasia and significantly reduced the enlarged nuclei and nuclear inclusions. The latter indicates that the manganese may be influencing membrane chemistry. Animals receiving aflatoxin alone showed significantly increased serum cholesterol and liver glycogen. The cholesterol levels were significantly increased over the aflatoxin-induced levels when manganese was given in combination with the aflatoxin. The manganese lowered the increased liver glycogen levels caused by the aflatoxin. Dietary manganese shows some potential in suppressing several, but not all, of the aspects of developing aflatoxicosis in the hamster. The specific mode and site of action of manganese requires additional study.

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Abnormal concentrations of B vitamins and amino acids in plasma, bile, and liver of chicks with aflatoxicosis

Voigt¹,

Wyatt²,

Ayres³

et al. 1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Graded levels of aflatoxin fed to broiler chickens for 3 weeks decreased the levels of most B vitamins in plasma, bile, and liver and decreased all free and hydrolyzed amino acids from peptides in plasma. The levels of thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, and choline decreased by more than 60% in bile; vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, and choline decreased by more than 49% in plasma; thiamine, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, choline, folate, and niacin decreased by more than 19% in liver; and only bile and plasma levels of folate increased (78 and 12%, respectively) with a dietary level of 5 ,ug of aflatoxin per g of feed. Plasma levels of cystine and cysteine, methionine, threonine, serine, and aspartic acid decreased by more than 37%, whereas valine, lysine, leucine, histidine, hydroxyproline, and alanine decreased by more than 19% with 2.5 ,ug of aflatoxin per g of feed. The data suggest that aflatoxin interferes with the metabolism of B vitamins and amino acids in chicks. However, these changes may be measuring the effects of aflatoxin-induced hepatic necrosis. Known amounts of the fermented rice powder were added to the basal ration to obtain the desired levels of aflatoxin in the feed. Rice powder added to the feed never exceeded 0.3% of the total diet. Animal husbandry and necropsy. Day-old male 870

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Mucor divergence in aflatoxin effects with duckling bile and plasma

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Interaction of Dietary Aflatoxin With Some Vitamin Deficiencies

Interaction of Dietary Aflatoxin With Some Vitamin Deficiencies

Reduced aflatoxicosis in livers of hamsters fed a manganese sulfate supplement

Abnormal concentrations of B vitamins and amino acids in plasma, bile, and liver of chicks with aflatoxicosis

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