Mucosa-associated microbiota dysbiosis in colitis associated cancer

Abstract

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In colorectal cancer, the gut microbiota has also been recognized as potentially involved in aggravating or favoring the tumor development. However, very little is known on the structure and role of the microbiota in colitis associated cancer (CAC), an important complication of IBD in human. Here we analyzed the bacterial and fungal composition of the mucosa associated microbiota of patients suffering CAC, sporadic cancer (SC) and of healthy subjects (HS) by barcode sequences analysis on the following cohort: 7 CAC patients, 10 SC patients and 10 HS using 16S (MiSeq) and ITS2 (pyrosequencing) sequencing, for bacteria and fungi respectively. Mucosa-associated bacterial microbiota in CAC was significantly different from the ones in SC or in HS, while the fungal showed no differences. Comparison between mucosa-associated microbiota on the tumor site or in normal mucosa near the tumor showed very similar patterns. The global mucosa-associated bacterial microbiota in cancer patients was characterized by a restriction in biodiversity but no change for the fungal community. Compared to SC, CAC was characterized by an increase of Enterobacteriacae family and Sphingomonas genus and a decrease of Fusobacterium and Ruminococcus genus. Our study confirms the alteration of the mucosa-associated bacterial microbiota in IBD and SC. Although the cohort is limited in number, this is the first evidence of the existence of an altered bacterial microbiota in CAC clearly different from the one in SC patients.

Clostridium species as probiotics: potentials and challenges

“…In a study conducted in 2008, F. prausnitzii was reported to protect from inflammation in vitro and in vivo through blocking NF-κB activation and IL8 production [21]. Meanwhile, both F. prausnitzii and its culture supernatant could exhibit anti-inflammatory effects under recovery from chronic colitis and colitis reactivation [22][23][24]. Umesaki and his colleagues found that a defined mixture of 46 strains of Clostridium species belonging to Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV could modify the intraepithelial lymphocytes profile in large intestine [19].…”

“…They can particularly response to F. prausnitzii and exert anti-inflammation effect by promoting the IL10 production dependent on CD39 [23]. 4) Extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) of F. prausnitzii strain HTF-F induced the TLR2-dependent secretion of IL10 and IL12 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC cells) to attenuate inflammation [24] the concentration of butyrate. Low-dose butyrate promoted intestinal epithelial proliferation but butyrate at physiologic concentration suppressed proliferation [36].…”

Melatonin mediates mucosal immune cells, microbial metabolism, and rhythm crosstalk: A therapeutic target to reduce intestinal inflammation

“…The activation of MT1/MT2 receptors by melatonin also triggers other signaling pathways, including nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), phospholipase C/protein kinase (PLC/PKC), etc. (Figure ) These pathways are involved in multiple regulatory processes from chronobiological regulation to cellular responses to various injuries such as apoptosis …”

Role of the Microbiome in the Formation and Development of Colorectal Cancer

“…Další asociace byla nalezena mezi bakteriálním složením střevní mukózy a sporadickými CRC asociovanými s kolitidou, u nichž byl zaznamenán vyšší výskyt bakterií z čeledi Enterobacteriaceae a rodu Sphingomonas a nižší výskyt Fusobacterium a Ruminococcus v porovnání se sporadickými CRC neasociovanými s kolitidou [69].…”