Mucosal IgA protects against BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 infection

Marking, Ulrika; Bladh, Oscar; Havervall, Sebastian; Greilert-Norin, Nina; Gordon, Max; Alm, Jessica J.; Blom, Kim; Åberg, Mikael; Klingström, Jonas; Thålin, Charlotte

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00421-8

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

2023

DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00421-8

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Mucosal IgA protects against BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 infection

Ulrika Marking

Oscar Bladh

Sebastian Havervall

et al.

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Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…There is increasing recognition that the mucosal immune system and local secretory antibodies in oral fluids (OF) and nasopharyngeal (NP) fluids may be a barrier to reinfection as well as an impediment to SARS-CoV-2 shedding and transmission, especially in the case of Omicron ( 4 , 5 ). Following inhalation, SARS-CoV-2 replication can occur in the cells that line the upper respiratory tract, including the salivary glands that express the requisite SARS-CoV-2 receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS ( 6 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinical Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Following Infection and Vaccination

Heaney,

Hempel,

DeRosa

et al. 2023

Clinical Chemistry

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Background SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to circulate globally, even within highly vaccinated populations. The first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit neutralizing immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies that prevent severe COVID-19 but induce only weak antibody responses in mucosal tissues. There is increasing recognition that secretory immunoglobin A (SIgA) antibodies in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity are critical in interrupting virus shedding, transmission, and progression of disease. To fully understand the immune-related factors that influence SARS-CoV-2 dynamics at the population level, it will be necessary to monitor virus-specific IgG and SIgA in systemic and mucosal compartments. Content Oral fluids and saliva, with appropriate standardized collection methods, constitute a readily accessible biospecimen type from which both systemic and mucosal antibodies can be measured. Serum-derived IgG and immunoglobin A (IgA) are found in gingival crevicular fluids and saliva as the result of transudation, while SIgA, which is produced in response to mucosal infection and vaccination, is actively transported across salivary gland epithelia and present in saliva and passive drool. In this mini-review, we summarize the need for the implementation of standards, highly qualified reagents, and best practices to ensure that clinical science is both rigorous and comparable across laboratories and institutions. We discuss the need for a better understanding of sample stability, collection methods, and other factors that affect measurement outcomes and interlaboratory variability. Summary The establishment of best practices and clinical laboratory standards for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serum and mucosal antibodies in oral fluids is integral to understanding immune-related factors that influence COVID-19 transmission and persistence within populations.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Following Infection and Vaccination

Heaney,

Hempel,

DeRosa

et al. 2023

Clinical Chemistry

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“…Participants, HCWs in the COMMUNITY cohort, performed self-administered naso-oropharyngeal/saliva swab sampling followed by qPCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection (see Supplementary Appendix for study design). 4 , 5 The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2020–01653) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in March and June 2023 in Sweden

Blom,

Bladh,

Havervall

et al. 2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

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Anti‐Spike IgG antibodies as correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the pre‐Omicron and Omicron era

Seekircher,

Astl,

Tschiderer

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Anti‐Spike IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2, which are elicited by vaccination and infection, are correlates of protection against infection with pre‐Omicron variants. Whether this association can be generalized to infections with Omicron variants is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 8457 blood donors in Tyrol, Austria, analyzing 15,340 anti‐Spike IgG antibody measurements from March 2021 to December 2022 assessed by Abbott SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG II chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Using a Bayesian joint model, we estimated antibody trajectories and adjusted hazard ratios for incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infection ascertained by self‐report or seroconversion of anti‐Nucleocapsid antibodies. At the time of their earliest available anti‐Spike IgG antibody measurement (median November 23, 2021), participants had a median age of 46.0 years (IQR 32.8–55.2), with 45.3% being female, 41.3% having a prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and 75.5% having received at least one dose of a COVID‐19 vaccine. Among 6159 participants with endpoint data, 3700 incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infections with predominantly Omicron sublineages were recorded over a median of 8.8 months (IQR 5.7–12.4). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio for SARS‐CoV‐2 associated with having twice the anti‐Spike IgG antibody titer was 0.875 (95% credible interval 0.868–0.881) overall, 0.842 (0.827–0.856) during 2021, and 0.884 (0.877–0.891) during 2022 (all p < 0.001). The associations were similar in females and males (Pinteraction = 0.673) and across age (Pinteraction = 0.590). Higher anti‐Spike IgG antibody titers were associated with reduced risk of incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infection across the entire observation period. While the magnitude of association was slightly weakened in the Omicron era, anti‐Spike IgG antibody continues to be a suitable correlate of protection against newer SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.

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Mucosal IgA protects against BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 infection

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Following Infection and Vaccination

Clinical Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Following Infection and Vaccination

Point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in March and June 2023 in Sweden

Anti‐Spike IgG antibodies as correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the pre‐Omicron and Omicron era

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