Mucosal immunity

Abstract

IT is impossible in a short space to present a picture of the immune system that is not incomplete and that does not abound with oversimplifications, but new vaccines utilising local immune systems are rapidly becoming available and a description, however incomplete, of the mechanisms that they activate is clearly timely.

Clinical hypersensitivity to specific aerosol challenge in parenterally immunized calves

“…Clinical observations on the first HSA aerosol challenge of noninfected calves are shown in Fig. 3 and 4 and Table 1. Despite a lapse of 7 days between SHAM-IMMUNISED the first challenges of groups I and II (days 32 and 39, respectively), the clinical findings were essentially the same and are recorded together here.…”

“…Furthermore, if hypersensitivity to challenge is potentiated by the absence of a local response to parenteral vaccination (2), it is clearly desirable that respiratory vaccines promote local as well as systemic immunity. Local immunity is best achieved by mucosal presentation of antigen in a replicating form which is capable of colonizing the epithelium (1). Commercial mucosal vaccines are invariably attenuated for field use, but this is not permissible when an organism may revert to virulence.…”