Mucosal Immunity after Vaccination with Monovalent and Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in India

Grassly, Nicholas C; Jafari, Hamid; Bahl, Sunil; Durrani, Sunita; Wenger, Jay D.; Sutter, Roland W.; Aylward, R. Bruce

doi:10.1086/605330

Cited by 75 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…9 For the polio trial group, it was assumed that OPV virus shedding rates would be 15-20% with a drop to 5% in the IPV dose group. 10,11 For the EE analyses, the sample size allowed 80% power to detect at least a 20% increase in oral rotavirus and OPV efficacy in children without and with EE under the following assumptions: 1) 50% infants have EE within the first 2 years of life, 2) rotavirus infection affects 26% infants in their first year of life, and 3) serum neutralizing antibody responses following three doses of OPV are 90% and Vaccines schedule. The Rotavirus vaccine intervention was the administration of two doses of oral rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) at 10 and 17 weeks of age to half of the study population, per the randomization assignments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries” (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems

Kirkpatrick

Colgate²,

Mychaleckyj

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Oral vaccines appear less effective in children in the developing world. Proposed biologic reasons include concurrent enteric infections, malnutrition, breast milk interference, and environmental enteropathy (EE). Rigorous study design and careful data management are essential to begin to understand this complex problem while assuring research subject safety. Herein, we describe the methodology and lessons learned in the PROVIDE study (Dhaka, Bangladesh). A randomized clinical trial platform evaluated the efficacy of delayed-dose oral rotavirus vaccine as well as the benefit of an injectable polio vaccine replacing one dose of oral polio vaccine. This rigorous infrastructure supported the additional examination of hypotheses of vaccine underperformance. Primary and secondary efficacy and immunogenicity measures for rotavirus and polio vaccines were measured, as well as the impact of EE and additional exploratory variables. Methods for the enrollment and 2-year follow-up of a 700 child birth cohort are described, including core laboratory, safety, regulatory, and data management practices. Intense efforts to standardize clinical, laboratory, and data management procedures in a developing world setting provide clinical trials rigor to all outcomes. Although this study infrastructure requires extensive time and effort, it allows optimized safety and confidence in the validity of data gathered in complex, developing country settings. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries” (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems

Kirkpatrick

Colgate²,

Mychaleckyj

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wild poliovirus type 2 was not detected after 1999, while types 1 and 3 are both circulating and are endemic in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria-all countries where vaccination rates are low, due mainly to inadequate vaccination strategies or for religious, political, and geographical reasons (4). Some countries still experience outbreaks of poliomyelitis, indicating that WPVs may be circulating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Polioviruses among University Students in Northern Italy

Baldo

Baldovin

Cocchio

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The widespread use of poliovirus vaccination schemes has led to a marked decline in the incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis worldwide, but wild poliovirus is still endemic in some developing countries, and in 2009 a total of 23 countries reported at least 1 case of poliomyelitis caused by wild-strain polio viruses. A serological survey was thus conducted on the immunological status against polioviruses of 318 young adults, classified by their country of origin. Immunity to poliomyelitis was assessed by neutralizing antibody titration in tissues cultured on microplates. The rate of seronegativity (<1:8) in the study population was 26.7% for poliovirus type 1, 7.2% for type 2, and 22.6% for type 3. In our sample of 318 individuals, 219 (68.9%) were Italian and 99 (31.1%) were from outside the European Union (EU). The proportion of cases found seropositive to polioviruses 1 and 3 decreased significantly with older age; this age-related decrease was more evident in the Italian group than among the non-EU subjects. Any risk of the wild virus recurring and causing paralytic poliomyelitis must be prevented, keeping Europe polio free by means of appropriate immunological protection, until polio has been conclusively eradicated all over the world. Judging from our findings, it may be worth considering administering a fifth dose of polio vaccine to adolescents.

show abstract

“…The most prominent examples are the failure of the oral polio vaccine in India [86] and the rotavirus vaccine in Africa [87,88], whereas both vaccines confer good protection in developed countries. There is increasing evidence that the state of the host significantly affects the success of oral vaccines, much more so than for parenteral vaccines.…”

Section: The Tendency Of Antigen To Reach Galt: the Role Of Pre-existmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Makes A Bacterial Oral Vaccine a Strong Inducer of High-Affinity IgA Responses?

Moor

Slack

2015

Antibodies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Oral vaccination against bacterial pathogens that infect via the gastrointestinal tract is highly desirable for both economic reasons and the supposed benefits of local mucosal immunity. However, the majority of oral vaccine trials in humans result in failure. Here we try to assimilate our current knowledge to generate a model to improve vaccine development strategies. A model previously postulated describes the "immunogenicity" of intestinal bacterial species as a sum of the ability of the species to compete with the microbiota, the "pathogenicity index," and the uniqueness of the species. While this model quite neatly explains the difficulties in generating appropriately attenuated live vaccine strains, it cannot explain the success of fully apathogenic or inactivated high-dose vaccines. We therefore propose a step away from focusing on bacterial traits, and towards the most basic requirements of mucosal vaccines: i.e., the delivery of antigen to the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the ability of that antigen to induce germinal center formation. While the models seem trivial, both suggest that vaccination strategies permitting uncoupling of disease-causing phenomena from immune stimulation will have a much broader safety margin in a diverse human population. Our modified model further suggests the benefits of delivering antigen in the form of high-dose fully apathogenic or sterile particles, combined with relevant adjuvants. OPEN ACCESSAntibodies 2015, 4 296

show abstract

Mucosal Immunity after Vaccination with Monovalent and Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in India

Abstract: The mucosal immunity induced by OPV in India varies by location, serotype, and vaccine formulation. These findings have implications for global eradication and the potential role played by inactivated vaccine in this setting.

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

The “Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries” (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems

The “Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries” (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems

Seroepidemiology of Polioviruses among University Students in Northern Italy

What Makes A Bacterial Oral Vaccine a Strong Inducer of High-Affinity IgA Responses?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About