Mucosal Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis: Specific pattern in a multicentre survey and historical cases

Faucher, B.; Pomarès, Christelle; Fourcade, Sabrina; Benyamine, A.; Marty, Pierre; Pratlong, Laure; Faraut, Françoise; Mary, Charles; Piarroux, Renaud; Dedet, Jean-Pierre; Pratlong, Francine

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2011.03.012

Cited by 64 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Review of the literature shows a few reports on Leishmania species causing Old and New Word ML (Table 2). 6,8,16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]35 Mucosal L. tropica infection has been reported in Saudi Arabia, 6 whereas L. major and occasionally L. infantum have been isolated from the patients with ML in Sudan 31 and Europe, 36 respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ThreeLeishmania/L.species –L. infantum,L. major,L. tropica– as causative agents of mucosal leishmaniasis in Iran

Shirian

Oryan

Hatam

et al. 2013

Pathogens and Global Health

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Cases of human oro-mucosal leishmaniasis are mainly reported in areas where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis perpetuates and the damages are mainly located at the cartilaginous nasal septum and frontal portions of the nasal fossa. In Iran, an area free of any L.(V) braziliensis, three Leishmania species are known to perpetuate through distinct (i) blood-feeding sand flies and (ii) rodents or (iii) canidae. Thus while establishing the diagnosis of any human oro-mucosal lesions, three Leishmania species -L. infantum, L. major, and L. tropica -must be considered as potential etiological agents of these damages. With these objectives in mind, features such as localization, extent, severity of oro-mucosal lesions, and duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis were recorded from 11 patients with respect to the presence or absence of cutaneous lesions in other body parts. The biopsy samples were collected from the oromucosal and cutaneous lesions and were processed for further identification of the Leishmania species. The lesions ranged from mucosal nodules without ulceration, nodules with erosion, and shallow to deep ulcerations. Leishmania major was isolated from six (55%) cases showing lesions or scars. The scars were restricted to upper and lower extremities. For the other five patients who did not display any signs of former or active cutaneous leishmaniasis, L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum were isolated from their lesions. In conclusion L. major, L. infantum, and L. tropica, regardless of common tropism, can be seen in mucosal tissues. However, L. major was the predominant species detected from the lesions in the nasal, gingival, and hard and soft palates, and L. tropica was isolated from the gingival and lower lip lesions. Leishmania infantum was isolated from two severe cases of deep mucosal damage displayed by the epiglottis, cricoarytenoid muscle, and laryngeal mucosa. One important finding was the association of L. major with active or scarred skin lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ThreeLeishmania/L.species –L. infantum,L. major,L. tropica– as causative agents of mucosal leishmaniasis in Iran

Shirian

Oryan

Hatam

et al. 2013

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…However, though the causative agents of ML have been reported from various continents of the world (Leishmania infantum, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania viania, Leishmania amazonensis, and L. tropica) [17,18,19,20,21,22,23], they have not been determined yet in Iran and this is the first study of molecular investigation of ML in some endemic areas of this country. In addition, based on our knowledge, there are only 3 reports worldwide in which cytology has been conducted as the diagnostic method for ML identification [2,3,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis and Species Identification of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in Iran and Correlation with Cytological Findings

Shirian

Oryan²,

Hatam³

et al. 2012

Acta Cytologica

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Objective: Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is a rare destructive disease that mainly affects the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose. The etiologic agent(s) of ML are not well known in the Middle East. Study Design: Cytologic smears of ML from the mucosal lesions of 7 patients were prepared by scraping. In 2 patients with nasal lesions, exfoliative cytology was made by washing the nasal cavity. The smears were both air dried and fixed in alcohol and stained. Scrapings from the same smears were then tested for leishmanial DNA by nested PCR. Results: This study characterized 9 isolates of ML, with 7 cases identified as Leishmania major and 2 as Leishmania tropica. While 6 patients were found to be positive by the cytology technique, the nested PCR was positive for all of these samples. Conclusions: Presence of granuloma and multinucleated giant cells in the negative smears of the patients who showed clinical manifestation of ML was an important clue for diagnosis of this disease. The PCR-based method not only appears to be a precise diagnostic approach in the identification of suspected cases of ML but is also efficient in determining the species of the parasite. L. major and L. tropica can lead to ML, but they result in different cytologic features.

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“…Overall, the incidence of VL during the study period was relatively stable, but a decrease of the incidence can be noted if compared to the period from 1993 to 1997 [1,2], this being most likely linked with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients. In contrast to VL, autochthonous cases of CL and MCL are rare in France [29] and appear sporadic. CL is probably underdiagnosed and certainly undernotified, to a great extend because cutaneous lesions due to L. infantum are often small, painless and spontaneously self-curing within a few months; hence these benign lesions are essentially seen by general practitioners or dermatologists, which generally do not notify cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Surveillance of leishmaniases in France, 1999 to 2012

Lachaud¹,

Dedet²,

Marty

et al. 2013

Eurosurveillance

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Leishmaniasis is endemic in the south of France, where autochthonous disease is caused by Leishmania infantum, and affects both humans and dogs. The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis is between 3 and 66% depending on the region and the methods used. Human leishmaniases are also imported into France, mainly from French Guiana and North Africa. The surveillance of autochthonous and imported human leishmaniases is based on passive notification to the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniases (NRCL) created in 1998. Between 1999 and 2012, 317 autochthonous and 1,154 imported cases were notified to the NRCL. The average number of autochthonous cases notified per year was 22.6, mainly cases of visceral leishmaniasis (84.5%). All cases were infected in the south of France. Leishmaniasis incidence is 0.22 per 100,000 inhabitants in the endemic area. Imported cases were more frequent (annual mean of 82.4 cases) and consisted predominantly in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases (91%), essentially L. major CL imported from Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, and L. guyanensis CL from French Guiana. This national notification system allowed a better understanding of the incidence and distribution of the disease; it is also useful to assess the temporal-spatial evolution of the disease in France, which appears relatively stable.

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Mucosal Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis: Specific pattern in a multicentre survey and historical cases

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

ThreeLeishmania/L.species –L. infantum,L. major,L. tropica– as causative agents of mucosal leishmaniasis in Iran

ThreeLeishmania/L.species –L. infantum,L. major,L. tropica– as causative agents of mucosal leishmaniasis in Iran

Molecular Diagnosis and Species Identification of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in Iran and Correlation with Cytological Findings

Surveillance of leishmaniases in France, 1999 to 2012

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