Mud Plaster Wall Paintings of Bhaja Caves: Composition and Performance Characteristics

Singh, Munesh; Kumar, Sushil; Waghmare, Sujata A.

doi:10.16943/ijhs/2016/v51i3/48846

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…CaO originates from the initial metamorphic limestone. For clay mortars, the appearance of iron oxides is due to a mixture rich in ferrous substances [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Monitoring and Conservation Strategies for Wall Paintings Impacted by Microbiological Degradation and Clay Minerals at Al-Qurna, Thebes West Bank (Luxor)

Moussa,

Osman

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper investigates the influence of microorganisms and clay minerals on the deterioration process of ancient Egyptian murals in the Al-Qurna region, situated on the west bank of Thebes (Luxor), Egypt. To achieve this objective, an extensive examination of building materials (including bedrock, building stone, mortars, and plasters) from various tombs within the study area was conducted. The investigation employed a multidisciplinary approach, combining micro-biological analysis with advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) as well as petrographic examination. These methods were employed to identify the composition of the materials and to assess the masonry structure’s response to deformation caused by endogenous factors, particularly clay minerals. Additionally, mycological analyses were performed using a swabbing cotton sterile technique, revealing the presence of several species, including Ascosphera apis, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus ochraceus, Doratomyces sp, and Eurotium repens. Notably, swelling clays—such as smectite, illite, and chlorite—along with mixed layers of illite-smectite and illite-vermiculite were detected in the studied samples. The presence of such deleterious clay minerals and fungi imperils wall painting preservation, causing discoloration, surface alteration, physical decay, and structural instability. Informed conservation strategies must address these threats for sustained integrity.

show abstract

“…CaO originates from the initial metamorphic limestone. For clay mortars, the appearance of iron oxides is due to a mixture rich in ferrous substances [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Monitoring and Conservation Strategies for Wall Paintings Impacted by Microbiological Degradation and Clay Minerals at Al-Qurna, Thebes West Bank (Luxor)

Moussa,

Osman

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Observational shrinkage is considered as the cracks observed after drying and the volumetric shrinkage is considered as the volume reduction after drying. Historical evidence shows that natural fibers, binders and additives were used to avoid shrinkage of clay based productions and applications [17]- [19]. As the DWTS is categorized under clay; according to the USCS soil classification, shrinkage can be overcome through historical practices before used as a raw material [2], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis the Performance of Chemical and Physical Additives to Reduce Shrinkage of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge (DWTS)

Galkanda¹,

Halwatura²

2020

IJESD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water is one of the basic human needs and the country has the main responsibility to confirm their citizens' provision to safe water. Most of the countries in the world supply treated water to the country through water treatment plants. In drinking water treatment plants, solid sludge is generated at the end of the water treatment process as a waste product which is now becoming a global problem. In previous studies, shrinkage was identified as the major problem of drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), accrued when use it as a raw material. This study was conducted to analyze the performance of both chemical and physical additives, to identify the possible additive to overcome the shrinkage of DWTS. In the study eight mixtures were prepared by adding Styrene Acrylic Binder as the chemical additive and sand and sugarcane fiber as physical additives separately and together and volumetric shrinkage of each mix was measured weekly. According to the results of this study it was concluded as, shrinkage of DWTS can be reduced by adding physical additives. Physical additives perform more effectively than chemical additives in the reduction of shrinkage of DWTS. Further studies are required to find the optimum mixing ratios of physical additives to optimize the performances.Index Terms-Chemical additives, drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), physical additives, shrinkage.

show abstract

A study of the Pilak Shyam Sundar Ashram’s 9th-10th-Century heritage structure: aspects of spectroscopy crystal growth and their application in atomic and molecular terms

Reddy,

Sen,

Pal

2024

Interactions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mud Plaster Wall Paintings of Bhaja Caves: Composition and Performance Characteristics

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Advanced Monitoring and Conservation Strategies for Wall Paintings Impacted by Microbiological Degradation and Clay Minerals at Al-Qurna, Thebes West Bank (Luxor)

Advanced Monitoring and Conservation Strategies for Wall Paintings Impacted by Microbiological Degradation and Clay Minerals at Al-Qurna, Thebes West Bank (Luxor)

Analysis the Performance of Chemical and Physical Additives to Reduce Shrinkage of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge (DWTS)

A study of the Pilak Shyam Sundar Ashram’s 9th-10th-Century heritage structure: aspects of spectroscopy crystal growth and their application in atomic and molecular terms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About