Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids forces dieting on caterpillars

Konno, Kotaro; Ono, Hiroshi; Nakamura, Masaru; Tateishi, Ken; Hirayama, Chikara; Tamura, Yasumori; Hattori, Makoto; Kôyama, Akio; Kohno, Katsuyuki

doi:10.1073/pnas.0506944103

Cited by 159 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…One of the roles of the -glucosidase inhibitor in plants is defense against insect herbivores. 5,6) It is reasonable for the -glucosidase inhibitory activity to be increased in young leaves during the summer, because the high-temperature season has high insect activity, and young leaves are a very soft part that insects preferentially eat. Furthermore, it is thought that several cultivars have utilized -glucosidase inhibitors besides 1-DNJ, such as 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabonitol (D-AB1) and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol, 3,5) for effective defense by mulberry plants against insect herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Environmental Conditions on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Mulberry Leaves

Nakanishi

Onose

Kitahara

et al. 2011

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Mulberry leaves have been used as the sole food for silkworms in sericulture, and also as a traditional medicine for diabetes prevention. Mulberry leaf components, for example 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), inhibit the activity of -glucosidase and prevent increased blood glucose levels, and they are highly toxic to caterpillars other than silkworms. The -glucosidase inhibitory activity of mulberry leaves changes with the season, but it is unknown which environmental conditions influence the -glucosidase inhibitory activity. We investigated in this study the relationship between the -glucosidase inhibitory activity and environmental conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The results demonstrate that low temperatures induced decreasing -glucosidase inhibitory activity, while the induction of newly grown shoots by the scission of branches induced increasing -glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the -glucosidase inhibitory activity was related to the defense mechanism of mulberry plants against insect herbivores. Key words:-glucosidase inhibitor; 1-deoxynojirimycine; mulberry; resistance to insect herbivore Mulberry leaves have been historically used as feed for silkworms and consumed as a beverage or health food by humans. Mulberry leaf components inhibit the activity of a kind of digestive enzyme for sugar absorption, -glucosidase, and promote slow absorption of glucose into the blood vessels. [1][2][3] The most important substance in mulberry leaves, 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), is known to be a strong intestinal -glucosidase inhibitor. Mulberry leaves contain 1-DNJ, 4) so that mulberry leaf products have been commercialized as health foods.In contrast, mulberry leaves are highly toxic to caterpillars other than the silkworm, Bombyx mori, because they contain 1-DNJ and other -glucosidase inhibitors that affect common insects. 5,6) The silkworm has evolved adaptive enzymes to circumvent the toxic effects of -glucosidase inhibitors and made it able to feed on mulberry leaves. 6,7) 1-DNJ and the -glucosidase inhibitor from mulberry leaves are therefore used to both improve the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, and to avoid caterpillars by inhibiting growth.Mulberry plants are distributed throughout the world, the number of mulberry cultivars in Japan alone being over 1,000. These cultivars match the climatic characteristics in various areas. The typical cultivars of mulberry plants are maintained and administered in Japan at the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan) and the Experimental Farm of Textile Science and Technology of Shinshu University (Ueda, Nagano, Japan). It has been reported that the -glucosidase inhibitory activity and 1-DNJ concentration of mulberry leaves differ among various cultivars and seasons, [8][9][10][11] but it is unknown which environmental conditions influence the -glucosidase inhibitory activity. We therefore investigated in this study the relationship between the environmental conditions and -glucosidase inhibitory activity. Materia...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6) The silkworm has evolved adaptive enzymes to circumvent the toxic effects of -glucosidase inhibitors and made it able to feed on mulberry leaves. 6,7) 1-DNJ and the -glucosidase inhibitor from mulberry leaves are therefore used to both improve the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, and to avoid caterpillars by inhibiting growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Conditions on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Mulberry Leaves

Nakanishi

Onose

Kitahara

et al. 2011

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Anatomical traits, such as leaf trichomes, and plant surface traits, such as cuticle texture, are important constitutive defense components that affect host suitability (Schoonhoven et al, 2005). The existence of secondary metabolites is also important for host determination (Konno et al, 2006). Schoonhoven et al (2005) reviewed the mechanism of host-plant selection and discovered that the importance of the feeding stimulants of host plants and the feeding deterrents of nonhost plants lies with the balance between the stimulants and the deterrents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disarming the Jasmonate-Dependent Plant Defense Makes Nonhost Arabidopsis Plants Accessible to the American Serpentine Leafminer

et al. 2013

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-7563-0918 (H.A.); 0000-0003-0802-6208 (M.Y.H.).Here, we analyzed the interaction between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the American serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii), an important and intractable herbivore of many cultivated plants. We examined the role of the immunity-related plant hormone jasmonate (JA) in the plant response and resistance to leafminer feeding to determine whether JA affects host suitability for leafminers. The expression of marker genes for the JA-dependent plant defense was induced by leafminer feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type plants. Analyses of JA-insensitive coi1-1 mutants suggested the importance of JA in the plant response to leafminer feeding. The JA content of wild-type plants significantly increased after leafminer feeding. Moreover, coi1-1 mutants showed lower feeding resistance against leafminer attack than did wild-type plants. The number of feeding scars caused by inoculated adult leafminers in JA-insensitive coi1-1 mutants was higher than that in wild-type plants. In addition, adults of the following generation appeared only from coi1-1 mutants and not from wild-type plants, suggesting that the loss of the JA-dependent plant defense converted nonhost plants to accessible host plants. Interestingly, the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system may play at most a minor role in this conversion, indicating that this major antiherbivore defense of Brassica species plants probably does not have a major function in plant resistance to leafminer. Application of JA to wild-type plants before leafminer feeding enhanced feeding resistance in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium). Our results indicate that JA plays an important role in the plant response and resistance to leafminers and, in so doing, affects host plant suitability for leafminers.

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“…Approxymately 60 colonies were selected as candidates DNJ producers (Table 1). On LB agar plates, 3 strains (JS-1, OS21-2, and YS-5) exhibited a Bacillus-like Generally, the DNJ content of mulberry powder, ranges from 0.32% to 0.47% (Konno et al, 2006).…”

Section: Screening Of Dnj-producing Bacteria With A-glucosidase Inhibmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) producing bacteria using mulberry leaf

Ju¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Industrial Entomology

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1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has been extensively investigated for its applications as an a-glucosidase inhibitor in postprandial hyperglycemia, and has been applied to nutraceuticals and medicines to prevent or delay the progression of type 2 diabetes. However, the amount of DNJ in mulberry leaves is low (approximately 0.1%), therefore, a more effective extraction method is needed. In this study, microbial DNJ production was developed as an alternative to chemical methods. We identified fermented sericultural products and bacteria that produce DNJ in large quantities using high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The inhibition of a-glucosidase activity was examined with respect to DNJ production or non-production. Crude DNJ from the isolated strains exhibited greater than 70% a-glucosidase activity. An investigation of the effect of mulberry leaf powder concentration (1~5%), using high DNJ producing bacteria, provided evidence for microbial mass production of DNJ. Vol. 31, No. (2), pp. 48-55 (2015) with shaking at 150 rpm for 5 d. To analyze α-glucosidase inhibitor activity, the culture broth was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C. The supernatant was filtered and analyzed for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and TLC was performed.

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Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids forces dieting on caterpillars

Cited by 159 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Environmental Conditions on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Mulberry Leaves

Effect of Environmental Conditions on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Mulberry Leaves

Disarming the Jasmonate-Dependent Plant Defense Makes Nonhost Arabidopsis Plants Accessible to the American Serpentine Leafminer

Screening of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) producing bacteria using mulberry leaf

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