Mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis: condições de vida, trabalho e saúde

Abstract

Objective: To know the elements of work, health, and living conditions of women who pick recyclable waste and are members of a waste cooperative in a town of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study with seven subjects. Data were collected through participative observation, semi structured interview, and a focus group from July to August of 2013. The data were subjected to content analysis. Results:The following thematic categories emerged: Women's work, informality and precariousness; Experiences of job satisfaction; and Working conditions and health: experiences with accidents, illness and health services. Conclusion:It was concluded that the women who collect recyclable material are exposed to precarious work conditions and potential health risks, such as work overload, accidents, illness, and social insecurity, and that nurses are responsible for promoting actions that ensure the health and inclusion of these workers.Keywords: Occupational health. Working conditions. Solid waste segregators. Nursing.Women, working. RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer elementos relacionados às condições de vida, ao trabalho e à saúde de mulheres catadoras de materiais reciclá-veis, cooperativadas em um município do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, com sete catadoras de uma cooperativa de reciclagem. A produção de dados incluiu observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal, de julho a agosto de 2013. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo.Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Trabalho feminino, informalidade e precariedade; Vivências de satisfação no trabalho; e Condições de trabalho e saúde: as experiências com acidentes, adoecimento e serviços de saúde. Conclusão:Evidenciou-se a precariedade que caracteriza a atividade laboral das catadoras de materiais recicláveis, as quais estão expostas a riscos potenciais à saúde como sobrecarga de trabalho, acidentes, adoecimento e inseguridade social, bem como o papel da enfermagem no sentido de promover ações em prol da saúde e inclusão dessas trabalhadoras. Palavras-chave:Saúde do trabalhador. Condições de trabalho. Catadores. Enfermagem. Trabalho feminino. RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer los elementos relacionados con las condiciones de vida, trabajo y salud de mujeres recolectora de materiales reciclables, cooperativitas en una ciudad de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Método: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, con siete sujeto de una cooperativa de reciclaje.. La recolección de datos incluyó observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupo focal, de julio a agosto de 2013. Para análisis, se utilizó el análisis de contenido.Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas: Trabajo femenino, informalidad y precariedad; Experiencias de satisfacción en el trabajo; y condiciones de trabajo y salud: las experiencias con accidentes, enfermedad y los servicios de salud.Conclusión: Se mostró la precariedad que carac...

A Sight Over the Health of Waste Pickers: An Analytical Framework Proposition

“…Some relevant items in the "Life, work and health condition" analytical category contribute to help better understanding the herein assessed matters. The first of them corroborates the idea that the precarious working conditions waste pickers live in are characterized by high socio-environmental vulnerability (aLENCaR;CaRDoSo;aNTUNES, 2009;BaLLESTERoS;aRaNGo E URREGo, 2012;CoELHo et al, 2016b;CoELHo et al, 2016c;SoUSa, MENDES, 2006). Moreover, such environment favors the occurrence of labor accidents (CaVaLCaNTE;FRaNCo, 2007;CoELHo et al, 2016c;SHIBaTa et al, 2015) and of physical and mental diseases (aLENCaR;CaRDoSo;aNTUNES, 2009;CoELHo et al, 2016b;aLVaRaDo-ESQUIVEL et al, 2008;aLVaRaDo-ESQUIVEL, 2013;aRaÚJo;SaTo, 2017;GUTBERLET;Ba-EDER, 2008;RoZMaN et al, 2008;SHIBaTa et al, 2015;SINGH;CHoKHaNDRE, 2015) capable of impairing their quality of life and health promotion.…”

“…according to waste pickers, waste is a source of life maintenance -livelihood and survival (PoRTo et al, 2004;SILVa, 2011). assumingly, waste pickers perceive the risk of their work, but they do not relate such risks to health issues and do not associate diseases with the fact of working with waste (PoRTo et al, 2004); or they just do not give the proper attention to the matter (CaVaLCaNTE;FRaNCo, 2007;CoELHo et al, 2016c;SoUSa, MENDES, 2006). Waste pickers understand health as the capacity to work (PoRTo et al, 2004), so they believe that they do not get sick (PEREIRa et al, 2012) and, as a contrast, they are afraid of getting severe and incurable diseases (SaNToS, SILVa, 2011).…”

Cargas de trabalho de catadoras de materiais recicláveis: proposta para o cuidado de enfermagem

“…Results show a set of elements that lead to an increase in the workload of recyclable material collectors, resulting in physical and psychic symptoms. A qualitative Brazilian study that researched female collectors evidenced that their health was influenced by the precariousness, informality and demands of their work (8) . Such results are similar to those found in this study, showing that workloads are articulated to labor conditions.…”

“…National and international literature show that recyclable material collectors will oftentimes be a population with a high prevalence of non-transmissible diseases and low access to health services (6) . This is related to their precarious life and work conditions, as they relate to environmental, operational and social factors that culminate in work-related suffering and diseases (7)(8) . This leads one to understand that different workloads can interact, thus impacting the lives of these individuals.…”

Edukasi Resiko Penularan Penyakit Melalui Sampah pada Pemulung Sampah di Tempat Penampungan Sementara Kelurahan Bukit Tunggal Kota Palangka Raya

“…Mothiba et al, 2017).MenurutCoelho et al (2016), para pemulung wanita yang mengumpulkan sampah terpapar pada kondisi kerja yang berbahaya dan memiliki potensi resiko kesehatan. Berkaitan dengan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan, 36,9% pemulung sampah tidak berkonsultasi ke dokter lebih dari 1 tahun, 15,7% tidak mempunyai akses ke unit kesehatan masyarakat, 7,5% tidak pernah mengukur tekanan darah, 45,9% tidak pernah memeriksa gula darah dan 61,2% tidak pernah mengukur kadar trigliseridanya(Auler et al, 2014).Tahun 2018 sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian PenugasanPelaksanaan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat nomor 409.k/PTM.63.R10/LP2M/P/2018 Tanggal 2 Juli 2018.…”