MULTEQ: Equilibrium of an electrolytic solution with vapor-liquid partitioning and precipitation: Volume 1: User's manual, Revision 1

Alexander, Jimmy; Luu, L.

doi:10.2172/6012064

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The chemical equilibrium model MULTEQ (multiple equilibrium) developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is widely used to predict high-temperature water chemistry for thermal power generating systems. The software package makes use of a thermodynamic model of multiphase chemical equilibria, in which the nonideality of the aqueous phase is determined by a nonflexible activity coefficient model parametrized on sodium chloride. − Recently, Wang et al reported a new comprehensive boron thermodynamic database covering a wide range of temperatures (298–738 K) and pressures (0.1–47 MPa). Their treatment is based on the mixed solvent electrolyte (MSE) activity coefficient model and critically evaluated literature results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion-Pair Formation Constants of Lithium Borate and Lithium Hydroxide under Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactor Coolant Conditions

Ferguson

Arcis

Zimmerman

et al. 2017

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A custom-made high-precision flow AC conductance instrument was used to measure the frequency-dependent molar electrical conductivities of aqueous solutions of lithium borate from T = 298 K to T = 548 K at a constant pressure, p = 20 MPa. Ion-pair formation constants of lithium borate, K A,m [LiB(OH) 4 0 ], were derived from these measurements using the Turq− Blum−Bernard−Kunz (TBBK) conductivity model. Our results are consistent with previous low-temperature studies and are the first to be reported at temperatures above 318 K. Under ambient conditions, the degree of association of LiB(OH) 4 0 is half an order of magnitude higher than that of NaB(OH) 4 0 and KB(OH) 40 , but at T ≥ 448 K, the association constants of all three ion-pairs are equal within the combined experimental uncertainties. The results have been used to derive new equations to represent the temperature dependence of the limiting conductivity of lithium, and the ion-pair formation constant of lithium borate under PWR operating conditions. A new model for the ion-pair formation constant of lithium hydroxide, K A,m [LiOH 0 ], derived from critically evaluated literature data is also reported. These results provide selfconsistent thermodynamic constants suitable for modeling primary coolant chemistry for most current PWR reactor types.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values for λ 0 (Li + ) and K A,m [LiOH 0 ] were derived from critically evaluated flow conductivity results, as described in sections 3.2 and 3. 3. Values for K w were taken from Bandura and Lvov.…”

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confidence: 99%