Multi-agent Simulation of Passenger Evacuation Considering Ship Motions

Liu

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

et al. 2021

Ship motion is an important influencing factor in passenger ship evacuation that affects the entire evacuation process by reducing individual walking speed. This study used Dalian Maritime University's training ship to conduct human walking experiments to study the influence of ship motion onNormal and fast walking speeds.It was found that during the berthing period, the individual Normal walking speed was 1.28-1.68 m/s, and the fast walking speed was 1.50-2.14 m/s. During the voyage, the ship's rolling motion reduced the Normal walking speed by 3.8%-10.3% and the fast walking speed by 3.7-14.0%. Due to the influence of ship rolling, the higher the deck and the farther away the rolling centre is, the smaller the athwartship and fore-aft walking speeds. Athwartship walking was slightly faster than fore-aft walking. In the Normal walking mode, the athwartship walking speed was 1.6%-3.7% faster than fore-aft walking, and in the fast walking mode, the athwartship walking speed was 0.8%-4.9% faster than fore-aft walking. During the berthing period, the average speed of the younger group was 24.1% higher than that of the older group. During the voyage, the reduction ratio of the individual walking speed was 86.0%-96.2%, and the value decreased as the deck height increased.

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on individual walking speed during emergency evacuation with the influence of ship motion

Liu

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

et al. 2021

“…Many ship evacuation simulation models take advantages of this microscopic approach by using a cellular automata model (Ha et al 2012;Roh and Ha 2013), or agent-based models (Wang et al 2014;Balakhontceva et al 2016). These simulation models allow factoring in also environmental conditions, such as the ship motion (rolling, pitching and listing of the ship) or presence of fire (Vanem and Skjong 2006;Balakhontceva et al 2015Balakhontceva et al , 2016, which are dominant hazard factors, especially when the emergency scenario involve the presence of elderly and disabled people (Lee et al 2003).…”

Section: Simulating the Evacuation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cruise ships like buildings: Wayfinding solutions to improve emergency evacuation

et al. 2017

This research aims at demonstrating that wayfinding solutions can improve the effectiveness of the evacuation processes in complex architectural spaces such as those of cruise ships. We investigated the behaviours of passengers in maritime disaster to figure out whether people act similarly during buildings egress and ships evacuation. Data were collected through questionnaires administered in 2015 to passengers boarding various cruise ships at the port of Ancona (Italy), and through the analysis of real footage of the evacuation of the Costa Concordia. The open source software Fire Dynamics Simulator with Evacuation (FDS+EVAC), used in building egress analyses, was adapted to include these behavioural and event information such as familiarity with ship layout, ship rotation and lifeboats boarding. Simulation results on the case study confirmed similarities between ships and buildings evacuations, underlining the effectiveness of wayfinding solutions to improve passengers' evacuation flows and routes selection. This study also demonstrated that computer simulation could benefit the ship design process, the preparation of safety guidelines, and the crewmembers during naval emergency management training.

“…This situation may become even more complicated depending on the physical structure of the environment. Emergency evacuation studies have been simulated for environments such as ships [17], stadiums [18], airports [19], public transport terminals [20], and foundation pits [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Behavior Model for Multi-Agent System with Evasion Capabilities and Dynamic Memory

Çetin

Bülbül

2020

IJGI

The behavior of an agent may be simple or complex depending on its role. Behavioral simulation using agents can have multiple approaches that have different advantages and disadvantages. By combining different behaviors in a hierarchical model, situational inefficiencies can be compensated. This paper proposes a behavioral hierarchy model that combines different mechanisms in behavior plans. The study simulates the social behavior in an office environment during an emergency using collision avoidance, negotiation, conflict solution, and path-planning mechanisms in the same multi-agent model to find their effects and the efficiency of the combinational setups. Independent agents were designed to have memory expansion, pathfinding, and searching capabilities, and the ability to exchange information among themselves and perform evasive actions to find a way out of congestion and conflict. The designed model allows us to modify the behavioral hierarchy and action order of agents during evacuation scenarios. Moreover, each agent behavior can be enabled or disabled separately. The effects of these capabilities on escape performance were measured in terms of time required for evacuation and evacuation ratio. Test results prove that all mechanisms in the proposed model have characteristics that fit each other well in situations where different hierarchies are needed. Dynamic memory management (DMM), together with a hierarchical behavior plan, achieved a performance improvement of 23.14% in escape time without providing agents with any initial environmental information.