Multi agent systems based distributed control and automation of micro-grid using MACSimJX

A Decentralized Architecture Based on Cooperative Dynamic Agents for Online Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids

“…Finally, we highlight that the exploitation of the distributed cooperative control input (13) guarantees that all the N c buses within the SG closely converge to the common behavior imposed by the N g generators, hence guaranteeing the optimal management of the electrical grid.…”

“…The initial condition for the N cooperative agents within the grid as well as the selected control gains for both the control protocol in (12) and the one in (13) are listed in Table 1. Finally, the desired voltage value V * i for the generation buses N g are selected as follows: Our aim is to show how the proposed solution can ensure in a totally distributed fashion the desired optimal voltage magnitude of the whole grid with reduced power losses.…”

“…Indeed, as depicted in Figure 3, thanks to the control action (12), the smart controllers for the generation buses ensure that the corresponding voltage magnitude converge to the desired values V * i in 1 [s]. Accordingly, the smart controller device j (j ∈ N c ) dynamically acts on the reactive power generation capability of the j-th electrical node (i.e., it produces or absorbs the bus reactive power; see Figure 5) and due to cooperative control action in (13) [p.u. ] is equal to the mean voltage imposed by the N g generators.…”

“…In this context, the research for new and more advanced online voltage control systems, aimed at regulating the reactive power injected/absorbed by distributed generators, represents one of the most promising research directions for smart power grids [10][11][12]. To address this issue, the use of centralized architectures, traditionally used for voltage control in power systems, could not be suitable in short-term scenarios [13], since it asks for a significant upgrade of the communication and computing resources, to effectively solve constrained optimal power flow problems [14]. Moreover, the deployment of reliable state estimation algorithms, which is a prerequisite of optimal power flow-based regulation techniques, is still an open problem due to the limited number of installed sensors [15].…”

Decentralized Smart Grid Voltage Control by Synchronization of Linear Multiagent Systems in the Presence of Time-Varying Latencies

“…Traditionally, centralized architectures have been proposed [10]. These centralized and hierarchical solutions are based on a central fusion center [11][12][13], which periodically collects the grid data and identifies the set-points of the available voltage controllers by solving a constrained optimization problem. The latter asks for a preliminary stage aimed at estimating the actual power system state and the network topology, as far as a detailed mathematical model of the analyzed power system, which defines the equality constraints of the optimization problem.…”