Aquaculture is a growing industry with a high demand mainly due to its significant contribution to the food sector. One of the main challenges of aquaculture is the prevention and treatment of fish diseases through the extensive application of antibiotics. However, information on the various consequences of pharmaceuticals in fish farms remains limited to this day. Based on the existing scientific literature, this report aims to give an overview of the most commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture, which belong to the groups of quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, amphenicols and macrolides. This review paper summarizes the information available on the characterization, ecotoxicology and application of florfenicol, erythromycin, furazolidone, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline and tetracycline.