Multi-country surveillance of Clostridioides difficile demonstrates high prevalence of spores in non-healthcare environmental settings

Jo, Jinhee; Gonzales-Luna, Anne J; Lancaster, Chris; McPherson, Jacob; Begum, Khurshida; Alam, Mohammad Jahangir; Garey, Kevin W.

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102543

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Interestingly, the observed RTs were similar in hospital and non-hospital samples (RT014-020 and RT106 in the first two places, with the exception that in a hospital sample, the authors detected RT027 isolates). Most of the observed RTs were toxigenic [107]. Similar results were reported by authors from the USA.…”

Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A very large study covering a wide part of the world (North America (Mexico), Central America (Peru, Guatemala), South America (Brazil), Europe (France, Germany, Italy), and Asia (Taiwan, India)) showed high C. difficile contamination rates (~24%), which were similar for healthcare buildings and non-healthcare buildings. The rates were much higher (46.5%) for floor samples [107]. Interestingly, the observed RTs were similar in hospital and non-hospital samples (RT014-020 and RT106 in the first two places, with the exception that in a hospital sample, the authors detected RT027 isolates).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 75%

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Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug”

et al. 2023

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Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium. The clinical features of C. difficile infections (CDIs) can vary, ranging from the asymptomatic carriage and mild self-limiting diarrhoea to severe and sometimes fatal pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile infections (CDIs) are associated with disruption of the gut microbiota caused by antimicrobial agents. The infections are predominantly hospital-acquired, but in the last decades, the CDI patterns have changed. Their prevalence increased, and the proportion of community-acquired CDIs has also increased. This can be associated with the appearance of hypervirulent epidemic isolates of ribotype 027. The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated antibiotic overuse could additionally change the patterns of infections. Treatment of CDIs is a challenge, with only three appropriate antibiotics for use. The wide distribution of C. difficile spores in hospital environments, chronic persistence in some individuals, especially children, and the recent detection of C. difficile in domestic pets can furthermore worsen the situation. “Superbugs” are microorganisms that are both highly virulent and resistant to antibiotics. The aim of this review article is to characterise C. difficile as a new member of the “superbug” family. Due to its worldwide spread, the lack of many treatment options and the high rates of both recurrence and mortality, C. difficile has emerged as a major concern for the healthcare system.

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Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 75%

Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug”

et al. 2023

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“…It is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen worldwide (Magill et al, 2014;Collins et al, 2020;Finn et al, 2021;Viprey et al, 2022). Sources of infection include community spaces, environmental water and soil, animals, and the food chain (Candel-Pérez et al, 2019;Knight and Riley, 2019;Jo et al, 2022). Genetically similar strains from pigs and humans have been reported, indicating possible zoonotic or anthropogenic transmission (Knetsch et al, 2014;Moloney et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of mobile genetic elements from the genome of Clostridioides difficile and the implications for the organism’s biology

Hussain,

Nubgan,

Rodríguez

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Clostridioides difficile is an emerging pathogen of One Health significance. Its highly variable genome contains mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons and prophages that influence its biology. Systematic deletion of each genetic element is required to determine their precise role in C. difficile biology and contribution to the wider mobilome. Here, Tn5397 (21 kb) and ϕ027 (56 kb) were deleted from C. difficile 630 and R20291, respectively, using allele replacement facilitated by CRISPR-Cas9. The 630 Tn5397 deletant transferred PaLoc at the same frequency (1 × 10−7) as 630 harboring Tn5397, indicating that Tn5397 alone did not mediate conjugative transfer of PaLoc. The R20291 ϕ027 deletant was sensitive to ϕ027 infection, and contained two unexpected features, a 2.7 kb remnant of the mutagenesis plasmid, and a putative catalase gene adjacent to the deleted prophage was also deleted. Growth kinetics of R20291 ϕ027 deletant was similar to wild type (WT) in rich medium but marginally reduced compared with WT in minimal medium. This work indicates the commonly used pMTL8000 plasmid series works well for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion, resulting in the largest deleted locus (56.8 kb) described in C. difficile. Removal of MGEs was achieved by targeting conjugative/integrative regions to promote excision and permanent loss. The deletants created will be useful strains for investigating Tn5397 or ϕ027 prophage contribution to host virulence, fitness, and physiology, and a platform for other mutagenesis studies aimed at functional gene analysis without native transposon or phage interference in C. difficile 630 and R20291.

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Update on potential interventions to reduce the risk for transmission of health care-associated pathogens from floors and sinks

Donskey

2023

American Journal of Infection Control

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Multi-country surveillance of Clostridioides difficile demonstrates high prevalence of spores in non-healthcare environmental settings

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug”

Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug”

Removal of mobile genetic elements from the genome of Clostridioides difficile and the implications for the organism’s biology

Update on potential interventions to reduce the risk for transmission of health care-associated pathogens from floors and sinks

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