“…In environmental sciences, cognitive mapping techniques have been used mainly in environmental conflict management (Özesmi and Özesmi, 2003; Özesmi and Özesmi, 2004) and forest management (Mendoza and Martins, 2006;Tikkanen et al, 2006;Isaac et al, 2009;Kok, 2009;Wolfslehner and Vacik, 2011). Ten studies have applied FCM to agricultural systems analysis (Table 1) in order to: (i) understand farmer perceptions about pesticides (Popper et al, 1996) on their own farms (Fairweather, 2010) or about environmental management measures (Ortolani et al, 2010); (ii) describe practices in agro-ecosystems (Isaac et al, 2009); (iii) assess the impact of agricultural systems on the environment (Özesmi and Özesmi, 2003) and crop yield (Papageorgiou et al, 2009;Papageorgiou, 2011) and the impact of policies on agricultural systems (Hukkinen, 1993;Newig et al, 2008);and (iv) evaluate the sustainability of agro-ecosystems (Rajaram and Das, 2010;Fairweather and Hunt, 2011).…”