Mediterranean marine ecosystems are deteriorating due to increasing human activities and pressures (Coll et al., 2010). Invasions by non-indigenous species (NIS) are rapidly changing the marine ecosystems in the region (Edelist et al., 2013;Katsanevakis et al., 2014a). The rate of NIS introductions is accelerating and is greater than in any other region worldwide; reaching over 600 established multicellular species in 2017 (Galil, Marchini & Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2018;Zenetos et al., 2017). Major pathways for NIS include shipping (transfer via ballast waters or as biofouling), the Suez Canal, aquaculture and aquarium releases (Katsanevakis et al., 2014a). The Suez Canal is the dominant pathway responsible for the majority of the NIS present (Galil et al., 2015). Enlargement of the Suez Canal, overfishing and climate change are combining to allow more warm water Indo-Pacific species to become established in the Mediterranean Sea to the detriment of native species (Galil et al., 2017;Moullec et al., 2019).