Multi-Drug Resistance of Bacterial Isolates among Dental Caries Patients

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a well known major oral health problem in most developing countries which has multifactorial etiology caused by many facultatively anaerobes. S. mutans is the main pathogen associated with this disease. Recently Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) species of S. mutans were identified from the dental caries patients against many commercial antibiotics. MDR is a natural phenomenon, posing a serious worldwide threat to public health. Several therapeutic agents are available to treat or prevent tooth decay, but still global burden of the disease with MDR are emerging. Therefore, the present study was designed for assessing the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of commercially available antibiotics. Material and Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out by following Standard protocols of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to isolate and identify the organism and further followed by antibiotic susceptibility test of bacterial isolates by disc diffusion method.Results: Streptococcus mutans (40%) was the most predominant to cause dental caries followed by S. aureus with 28.92. Gram positive isolates were found to be frequently resistant towards penicillin and tetracycline whereas Gram negative isolates were found to be Cotrimoxazole resistant. Conclusion:A high frequency of penicillin resistance in oral isolates and its co-resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamycin and amipicillin among the pateints was observed. The various awareness programmes should be facilitating the appropriate use of antibiotic to re-establish dominance over diseases must be implemented.

Assessment of Oral Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Patients Attending Dental Clinic of a Private Tertiary Hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria

“…The percentage occurrence of Gram positive oral bacterial isolates (84.1%) in the oral swab culture of the study Participants was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of Gram negative (15.9%). This is in agreement with the work of Yadav et al [29], who reported 91% and 9%, respectively, and also that of Anejo-Okopi et al, [22], who reported 74.1% and 26.6% respectively. The above results therefore suggested that the micro-environments of the human oral cavity support the growth of more Gram positive bacteria than their Gram negative counterparts.…”

“…On the other hand, it partly agrees with those of Yadav et al, [29] who tested nine (9) antibiotics against isolates recovered from dental caries patients. Among all the bacteria tested, the Gram positive isolates were found to be most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, followed by Gentamicin and Erythromycin; whereas the Gram negative isolates were found to be more sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, followed by imipenem and gentamicin and ceftriaxone.…”

“…Lastly, the multiple antibiotic resistant index (MARI) of the oral bacteria isolates is presented in On one hand, the number of oral bacterial isolates (288) recorded in this study was found to be slightly higher than the 282 recovered by Anejo-Okopi et al, [22] from patients with history of dental caries in Jos, Nigeria, but 2-5 times higher than the 45, 46, 58, 59, 74 and 150 recovered among dental patients and others in Dhaka-Bangladesh [23], Hail-Kingdom of Saudi Arab [24], Minna-Nigeria [25], Pahang-Malaysia [26], Tamilnadu-India [17], and Madhya Pradesh-India [27], respectively. On the other hand, it was lower than the 294 and 325 reported by Khan et al, [28] and Yadav et al, [29] among dental caries patients in Gwalior-India and Nepal-India, respectively. The reasons for these variations can be accrue to the differences in the geographical regions, the methodology employed, as well as differences in the sample size and socioeconomic status of the study participants.…”

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

“…S. mitis was resistant to tetracycline (78.12%), ciprofloxacin (65.62%). Pseudomonas spp were highly resistant to tetracycline followed by cotrimoxazole (90.90%) [4].…”

“…Tooth decay takes place when a vulnerable tooth surface is colonized with cariogenic microbes and dietary source of sucrose or refined sugar. Fermentation of carbohydrate leads to production of lactic acid by the action of bacteria which melts the hydroxyapatite crystal structure of the tooth which grounds caries [4,5].…”