Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli, Biosecurity and Anti-Microbial Use in Live Bird Markets, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

Live bird markets (LBM) remain a critical link from farm to fork in the poultry value chain, which oftentimes promotes indiscriminate antimicrobial use (AMU) and resistance (AMR). In this study, we assessed biosecurity practices, AMU, and associated these with multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli in LBMs in Abeokuta, Ogun State. A cross-sectional survey among live bird sellers (LBS) in eight LBMs was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Also, cloacal samples (n = 200) were randomly collected and pooled for bacteriological detection of MDR E. coli in live chickens of consenting LBS. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials belonging to 6 different classes was determined using the disk diffusion method. Biosecurity level and AMU were generally low. LBS less than 46 years were 6.8- fold more likely to fall within the poor biosecurity level (Crudes odds ratio = 6.8; 95% CI; 1.20–38.56; p = 0.03) than others. An informal or primary school education increased the odds of having a poor practice of AMU by 15.1 folds (Crudes odds ratio = 15.1; 95% CI; 2.73–84.18; p = 0.002) than those with secondary or tertiary. The prevalence of E. coli and MDR E. coli at the LBM level were 80% and 56.3%, respectively. Extremely high resistance rates were observed for ceftazidime (96.9%) and imipenem (90.6%). The odds of MDR E. coli increased eight-fold in poultry kept by LBS who use AMs as prophylaxis. This current data could be useful for the development of targeted behavioral risk communication and mitigation strategies for AMR to impede the potential horizontal transfer of AMR genes to humans through animal-sourced food.

Delving Deeper into Market Concentration of Poultry Feed and the Driving Factors for Brand Switching: Evidence from Commercial Egg Producers in Nigeria

“…Tables 3 and 4 shows there is asignificant difference in the average price of the different brands of poultry feed in the two periods (p < 0.05). According to [70], the average price of 25 kg bag of poultry feed was NGN 7500 (USD 19.68) (the exchange rate of dollars to naira as at the time of data collection (March 2021): USD 1 = NGN 381). In the Lorenz curve, the farther away from the curve from the diagonal (line of equality), the more inequality will be encountered.…”

Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. from humans and poultry in Nigeria

“…AMR is of global health concern and is increasingly frustrating therapeutic efforts against infectious diseases. This has been linked to the misuse and/or overuse of antimicrobials in humans and animals [9, 11, 29]. The present study determined the frequency of antimicrobial-resistant E.…”

Risk Factors for Persistent Infection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Poultry Farms, North Central Nigeria

“…These latter farms need special permission to access and may have to be considered separately in a specialized study. Such a study may ascertain whether there are linkages between hatcheries and parent/grandparent farms on one hand and commercial farms on the other hand, particularly in the transmission and dispersal of NTS in the poultry food chain [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The weak correlations among the risk factors observed in the study meant that most of the factors considered cannot predict other factors and anthropogenic influence may affect how each factor plays a role.…”