Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

BackgroundDrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to be a public health threat around the globe especially in developing countries. In 2018, the number of new cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis was half a million and about 78% of them had multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. In Ethiopia, the overall proportion of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was 11.6%. The latest treatment outcome data for people with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis show a global treatment success rate of 56%. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors at St. Peter Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2019. MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was done. A total of 384 patient medical charts selected by simple random sampling method were reviewed. The data was collected using a checklist from the patients’ medical charts. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 computer software package. Summary statistics of a given data for each variable were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to measure the association between the outcome and the predictor variable. Statistical significance was declared at p-value<0.05. Direction and strength of association were expressed using OR and 95% CI. ResultFrom a total of 384 patients, the majority of 245(63.8%) of the study subjects were females. The rate of poor treatment outcome was 173(45.1%). Male patients and patients in the age category of 39-60 years were less likely to have poor treatment outcome compared to female patients and patients in the age category of 18-38 years (AOR = 0.43, 95%CI (0.19, 0.10) and (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI (0.15, 0.52) respectively. Patients with a history of second-line TB drug resistance are more likely to have poor treatment outcomes (AOR = 3.81, 95%CI (1.84, 7.91). Poor treatment outcome was higher among patients with longer treatment duration (AOR = 3.23, 95%CI (1.82, 5.74) compared to patients with short treatment duration. ConclusionThe proportion of poor treatment outcome in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was high. Therefore, a concerted effort should be done at all levels to improve the treatment outcome of the MDR-TB.

Species composition, abundance and habitat association of non‐volant small mammals in Gibe Sheleko National Park, southwestern Ethiopia

“…Each process was carried following the standard protocols/standard animal care guidelines established by the American Society of Mammalogists (Sikes, 2016). Species name of live trapped small mammals was identified using field guides developed by Yalden et al (1976); Kingdon (1997, 2015); Bekele & Yalden, 2013; Happold (2013) and Happold and Happold (2013). For three genera where species determination from morphology alone is challenging, our assigned names took into consideration their habitat and geographic distribution including altitude, in addition to morphological characteristics compared with other similar genera.…”

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for the Prediction of Unfavorable Treatment Outcome Among Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in North West Ethiopia: An Application of Prediction Modelling

“…A more recently conducted study in Saint Peter in Addis Ababa was used to calculate the sample size. 8 …”

“…Older age, baseline alcohol use, illicit drug use, pulmonary TB (PTB) with extra pulmonary involvement, cavitary disease, culture-positive at baseline, relapsed TB, treatment non-compliance, previous TB treatment, longer treatment duration, diagnosis during hospitalization or in the emergency unit, adverse events, and history of second-line drug resistance are among significant predictors. 6 , 8 , 9 , 13–24 Studies have also shown baseline anemia, comorbidities, and medical complications as prognostic determinants in MDR-TB patients. 9 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 25–29 , 46 …”

Medicinal Plants Used for the Management of Hepatitis Over the Past 15 Years in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

“…About 6500-7000 plant species are available in Ethiopia, of which 12-19% are endemic, making the country among the most diverse floristic countries in the world. 2,3 It is estimated that about 80% of the Ethiopian population and 60% of the world population depend on traditional medicine to treat a variety of health problems. About 25% of the current medicines have compounds from medicinal plants.…”