“…Several earlier studies have examined the photocatalytic decomposition of environmental contaminants using nanoparticles synthesized by plants. Negi et al (2022) reported a green approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles by Smilax aspera and its applications in photocatalytic dye degradation. Additionally, various plants have been exploited for their ability to biosynthesize several nanoparticles, including silver and zinc nanoparticles, and their application in the process of photocatalytic dye degradation (Rajasekar et al, 2022;Tiri et al, 2022;Lin et al, 2022;Karimi et al, 2022b).…”