Multi-environment evaluations across ecological regions reveal climate and soil effects on amides contents in Chinese prickly ash peels (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)

Abstract

Background Environmental factors difference is the key factor for the difference in the production, transformation and accumulation of effective components in plants. UPLC-MS/MS and multivariate statistical methods were applied to describe the region difference of amides compounds in Chinese prickly ash peels from different regions and their correlation with climatic factors and soil factors. Results Amides compounds contents were significantly higher in high altitude areas, with obvious altitude change trend. Two ecotypes were classified based on the amides compounds contents, one was the high altitude-cool type from Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and western Shaanxi province, and the other one was low altitude-warm type from eastern Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong province. Amides compounds content were negatively correlated with annual mean temperature, max temperature of warmest month, mean temperature of wettest quarter and mean temperature of warmest quarter (P < 0.01). Except for hydroxy-γ-sanshool and ZP-amide A, the residual amides contents were significantly positively correlated with organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Low temperature, low precipitation and high organic carbon in soil were conducive to amides accumulation. Conclusions This study aided in site specific exploration of high amides contents yielding samples, enriched the environment factors effects on amides compounds, and provided scientific foundation for the improvement of Chinese prickly ash peels quality and the location of high-quality production areas.

Dietary Replacement of Soybean Meal with Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seed Meal on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, and Nutrient Utilization in Broiler Chickens

“…Zanthoxylum bungeanum (ZB) is a deciduous perennial plant that belongs to the rutaceae family and the zanthoxylum genus [9,10]. It is distributed extensively in tropical and subtropical regions, such as India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, China, and Malaysia [11]. Over 140 chemical components, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a small number of inorganic elements, have been isolated and identified from Zanthoxylum bungeanum [12,13].…”