Multi-Enzyme Supplementation Modifies the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Breeding Hens

Abstract

Laying and reproductive performance, egg quality, and disease resistance of hens decrease during the late laying period. Exogenous enzymes promote nutrient digestibility and utilization and improve the intestinal environment. However, the specific regulation of the gut microbiome and metabolome by exogenous enzymes remains unelucidated. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary multi-enzyme supplementation on egg and reproductive performance, egg quality, ileum microbiome, and metabolome of breeders. Here, 224 Hy-Line Brown breeding hens (55 weeks old) were randomly allocated to two groups: dietary controls fed basal diet (DC), and test hens fed 0.2 g/kg corn enzyme diet (CE). Serum levels of total protein, globulin, immunoglobulin Y, and antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza H9 strain were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Egg albumen height, Haugh unit, and fertilization and hatching rates were also significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CE-fed group. 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that CE strongly affected both α- and β-diversity of the ileal microbiota. LEfSe analysis revealed that the potentially beneficial genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Faecalicoccus, and Streptococcus were enriched as biomarkers in the CE-fed group. Microbial functional analysis revealed that the functional genes associated with harmful-substance biodegradation was significantly increased in the CE-fed group. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that changes in microbial genera were correlated with differential metabolites. In summary, dietary multi-enzyme addition can improve egg quality, humoral immunity, and reproductive performance and regulate the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in breeders. Therefore, multi-enzymes could be used as feed additive to extend breeder service life.

The gut microbiota in alopecia areata: Potential predictive biomarkers and therapy targets?

“…The importance of the gut microbiome in immune‐mediated skin diseases is increasingly recognized, encompassing conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and alopecia areata (AA) 1 . While studies to date have highlighted the extensive association between gut microbiota and AA, the specific effective bacterial genera and their potential role remain to be further clarified 2 . In an effort to address this gap, Xu et al.…”

“…AA is an autoimmune disorder in hair follicles, which is predominantly involved with auto‐reactivated T cells and type 1 inflammatory response. Although the change in gut microbiota structure is controversial, several bacterial genera were suggested to have a strong association with the onset and development of AA 2 . Notably, the presence of both Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridiales vadin BB60 achieved an 80% accuracy rate in predicting the disease status of alopecia universalis 2 .…”

“…Although the change in gut microbiota structure is controversial, several bacterial genera were suggested to have a strong association with the onset and development of AA 2 . Notably, the presence of both Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridiales vadin BB60 achieved an 80% accuracy rate in predicting the disease status of alopecia universalis 2 . Additionally, a recent study presented evidence supporting the supplementation of probiotics or prebiotics in advancing hair growth 5 .…”

“…2 Notably, the presence of both Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridiales vadin BB60 achieved an 80% accuracy rate in predicting the disease status of alopecia universalis. 2 Additionally, a recent study presented evidence supporting the supplementation of probiotics or prebiotics in advancing hair growth. 5 In this issue of the International Journal of Dermatology, Xu et al 3 with receptors in the skin, thereby influencing the skin's commensal bacteria.…”

“…1 While studies to date have highlighted the extensive association between gut microbiota and AA, the specific effective bacterial genera and their potential role remain to be further clarified. 2 In an effort to address this gap, Xu et al conducted this study aimed at providing insights into this aspect. 3 Imbalanced immune tolerance, an abundance of antigen profiles, abnormal activation of immune cells, and metabolism disorders in the gut have been strongly linked to autoimmune Figure 1 The potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of alopecia areata.…”