Cancer is a significant global health concern, responsible for 16.8% of deaths and 22.8% of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality, with projections indicating its rise to the top by 2060. The genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic diversity of cancer cells contributes to their increased resistance to treatment, enhanced survival, and propensity for metastasis. Conventional cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation often result in significant damage to healthy tissues. Phytochemicals, naturally occurring plant compounds, have gained attention as promising cancer therapies due to their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This chapter delves into recent advances in phytochemical research, emphasizing molecular mechanisms and innovative approaches for incorporating these compounds into cancer treatment. Additionally, it explores the challenges and opportunities of leveraging phytochemicals to bridge traditional medicine and modern oncology, offering hope for enhanced treatment outcomes and improved patient quality of life.