2000
DOI: 10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00990-1
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Multi-functional optical tweezers using computer-generated holograms

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Cited by 397 publications
(239 citation statements)
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“…First, static diffractive optical elements generated by computer and manufactured by photolithography, enabled the simultaneous creation of several optical traps [1,2]. Conversion of the static trap arrays into dynamic light patterns by displaying the diffractive optical elements on spatial light modulators was the logical next step [3][4][5][6]. These special displays can be updated at video rates, so that with every new diffractive element a completely different optical potential is formed at the sample plane.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, static diffractive optical elements generated by computer and manufactured by photolithography, enabled the simultaneous creation of several optical traps [1,2]. Conversion of the static trap arrays into dynamic light patterns by displaying the diffractive optical elements on spatial light modulators was the logical next step [3][4][5][6]. These special displays can be updated at video rates, so that with every new diffractive element a completely different optical potential is formed at the sample plane.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A single optical trap could thus be divided into several optical traps, each individually controllable by updating the kinoform displayed on the SLM [7,8]. The SLMs used for optical tweezers applications are commonly based on liquid crystals that modulate the phase of the incident light.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Optical manipulation is based on trapping particles in regions of high optical field intensity (9). Fast scanning of optical beams has been successful in manipulating colloidal particles over a relatively small area (10); however, optical trapping over large areas requires the task of generating holographic maps (11), which are difficult to reconfigure. Electric field manipulation is based on trapping particles in the minima or maxima regions of electric field intensity, which can be accomplished by applying ac electric field to arrays of electrodes at various frequencies (12,13).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%