Multi-functionality prospects in functionalized and pristine graphene nanosheets reinforced silicone rubber composites: A focused review

Kumar, Vineet; Lee, Dong-Joo; Park, Sang‐Shin

doi:10.1016/j.flatc.2023.100535

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The establishment of standardized techniques for energy harvesting will also mitigate the risk of device failure during operation and handling, fostering reliability and confidence in the technology . The potential applications of energy harvesters are vast, from powering medical implants and sensors to wearable devices and beyond. , This diversity in applications is expected to drive demand for these devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvesting Configurations in Different Modes from Machine to Self-Powered Wearable Electronics

Manikkavel,

Kumar,

Alam

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Recently, self-powered wearable electronics have gained interest among scientists globally because of the numerous configurations available for portable and small power devices. The current research explores the fabrication of flexible devices under the principle of piezoelectric transducers. The materials used in fabrication were versatile dielectric and electro-active silicone rubber (SR) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The tensile moduli of the MWCNT 5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) and unfilled samples are 2.034 and 0.711 MPa, respectively. Adding MWCNT up to 5 phr improved the voltage output of piezo-electric material under mechanical deformation. Energy-harvesting experiments showed that compressive specimens produced 3250% higher voltage output than tensile specimens for 5 phr samples during 30% of strain by machine. MWCNT-reinforced silicone rubber's voltage output was measured during different human motions, including finger and wrist bending of 0−90 deg and finger and leg pressing. A higher voltage of ∼8 mV is harvested from leg pressing than from other human movements and ∼4 mV from finger pressing. Further research is needed to develop custom-built, flexible energy harvesters. Overall, these devices are suitable for powering portable devices because of their self-powering ability and can replace batteries in devices like calculators or smartwatches.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…85 The potential applications of energy harvesters are vast, from powering medical implants and sensors to wearable devices and beyond. 86,87 This diversity in applications is expected to drive demand for these devices.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvesting Configurations in Different Modes from Machine to Self-Powered Wearable Electronics

Manikkavel,

Kumar,

Alam

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…Moreover, the favorable 2D morphology also allows it for better dispersion and thus higher output voltage. 31,53 However, the lower out- The reason behind such behavior is due to the higher electrical conductivity of GNP than other composites. 55 The mechanism behind this can be briefly stated under the piezoelectric principle.…”

Section: Under Compressive Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials are useful as different types of fillers or different types of polymer matrix 27–30 . Moreover, their method of fabrication is also an important step and must be considered with optimization for making them academically and industrially promising 31–33 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29][30] Moreover, their method of fabrication is also an important step and must be considered with optimization for making them academically and industrially promising. [31][32][33] In addition to the above aspects about stability, type of materials, and method of fabrication, the self-powered energy generation in these wearable devices is a topic of interest. This self-powering concept relies on reducing or eliminating the use of a battery as an external power source in small devices like mobile phones.…”

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Robust performance for composites using silicone rubber with different prospects for wearable electronics

Kumar,

Alam,

Yewale

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The different configurations of the composites originated with machine or human motion, and their mechanical stability for wearable electronics is in focus. Here, the study highlights that these configurations are critical for wearable devices. To achieve these aspects, the electroactive and dielectric silicone rubber (SR) was used as a host matrix. This SR not only provides flexibility, twisting, or stretchability for such devices, but its lightweight makes them comfortable for robust wearable devices. The reinforcing fillers such as graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) or diatomaceous earth (DE) and their hybrids are used. The electromechanical properties of the device were performed using the universal testing machine. The output voltage generated at 15 phr filler was 0.3 mV (GNP), 0.15 mV (DE), and 0.22 mV (hybrid). Similarly, the biomechanical properties were studied with human motion joints such as thumb pressing or wrist bending. The output voltage at 15 phr was best for thumb pressing and it was 0.42 mV (GNP), 0.18 mV (DE), and 0.25 mV (hybrid). In the same way, the mechanical aspects studied in this work are compressive modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain. For example, the compressive modulus was 1.28 MPa (control) and increased at 15 phr filler to 2.44 MPa (GNP), 3.2 MPa (DE), and 2.75 MPa (hybrid). Similarly, the mechanical stretchability of the devices was 134% (control) and changed at 15 phr filler to 128% (GNP), 78% (DE), and 109% (hybrid). Overall, the work demonstrates the method to develop a device with high mechanical, electromechanical, and biomechanical properties and their usefulness for wearable electronic devices.

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High‐Performance Flexible and Printed Graphene‐Field Effect Biosensor for Ferritin Detection

Tripathy,

Bhattacharjee

2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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A flexible and printed field‐effect biosensor with a graphene channel (Gr‐FET biosensor) is designed and characterized to detect ferritin. The biosensor offers an onboard Ag/AgCl gate to give stable transfer characteristics with a significantly low gate leakage current of 0.06% of the minimum drain current. Further, the proposed Gr‐FET shows 1.5–3 times higher transconductance (gm) with a value of gm,hole up to 400 µS and gm,electron up to 250 µS, compared to the reported printed electrolyte‐gated Gr‐FET on flexible substrates. The Gr‐FET operation is also optimized to have a minimal hysteresis effect for reliable sensing operation. The Gr‐FET shows fairly linear characteristics at a low ferritin concentration (0.05–0.5 µg L−1) with sensitivity as high as ≈230 mV/(µg L−1) and a very low limit of detection (LOD) ≈27 ng L−1. Given the cost‐effective fabrication process and scalability, the proposed printed Gr‐FET biosensor can be deployed on a large scale for early diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia.

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Multi-functionality prospects in functionalized and pristine graphene nanosheets reinforced silicone rubber composites: A focused review

Cited by 21 publications

References 136 publications

The Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvesting Configurations in Different Modes from Machine to Self-Powered Wearable Electronics

The Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvesting Configurations in Different Modes from Machine to Self-Powered Wearable Electronics

Robust performance for composites using silicone rubber with different prospects for wearable electronics

High‐Performance Flexible and Printed Graphene‐Field Effect Biosensor for Ferritin Detection

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