Multi-Hop Relay Based Free Space Optical Communication Link for Delivering Medical Services in Remote Areas

Miglani, Rajan; Malhotra, Jagjit Singh; Majumdar, Arun K.; Tubbal, Faisel; Raad, Raad

doi:10.1109/jphot.2020.3013525

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, considering market available hardware used in FSO link installation necessitates a i. Since the transmission power and bandwidth are inversely proportional, hence, practically it is very challenging to operate FSO lasers at high data rates [37] ii. Moreover, high transmission power levels are not safe for human eyes and skin [38] iii.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Commercially Viable Free-Space Optical Communication Link for Diverse Beam Divergence Profiles

et al. 2021

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With an exponential increase in the use of smart devices and with increasing demand for high-speed data applications, the Radio Frequency and Microwave links will find themselves almost incapable of meeting this deficit. Free-space optical (FSO) links are poised to take the leading role as communication systems for futuristic needs in providing cost-effective and high-speed connectivity to end-users. However, on the flip side, the reliability of FSO links has an intrinsic relationship with the characteristics of the atmospheric channel. During the propagation, the atmospheric adversities result in the geometrical spreading of the FSO beam which in turn has consequential degrading effects on the link performance. In this work, an FSO communication system based on practical, commercial, and realistic parameters has been proposed with the intent of accurately determining the co-relation between different beam divergence profiles and overall link performance. For different beam divergence profiles, the proposed link has been evaluated for reference bit error rate (BER) of 10–9 which is an ideal condition for delivering high-speed data access to the end-users. During the analysis, the practical constraints related to the trade-off between the maximum possible link range and beam divergence have also been optimized. The findings of this work will be crucial for engineers and designers in configuring FSO links for improved link range and reliability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Commercially Viable Free-Space Optical Communication Link for Diverse Beam Divergence Profiles

et al. 2021

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“…The gamma-gamma turbulence model is capable of predicting weak to strong turbulence accurately. 16 For atmospheric channel characterized using gamma-gamma model, the probability density function of the received irradiance I, is expressed as follows 16 : where K : ð Þ denotes the Bessel function of order 2, Γ denotes the Gamma function, and α and β denote the small-scale and large-scale turbulent eddies, expressed using Equations ( 3) and (4), respectively, as follows: Here, σ 2 represent the Roytov variance and is mathematically expressed as 1.23 C 2 n K 7=6 Z 11=6 , where K denotes the wave number and C 2 n is the index refraction structure parameter, expressing the strength of turbulence ranging from weak turbulence (C 2 n = 5 Â 10 À17 m À2/3 ) to strong turbulence (C 2 n = 5 Â 10 À13 m À2/3 ). A MDM demultiplexer (DEMUX) is used at the receiver to separate spatial laser modes.…”

Section: Link Architecture Of Sdm-pdm-co-ofdm-based Fso Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FSO transmission, the variation in atmospheric pressure and temperature along propagation path induces turbulence effects. The gamma–gamma turbulence model is capable of predicting weak to strong turbulence accurately 16 . For atmospheric channel characterized using gamma–gamma model, the probability density function of the received irradiance

I

, is expressed as follows 16 :

f ((), I) goodbreak= \frac{2 {(italicαβ)}^{\frac{α + β}{2}}}{normalΓ α normalΓ β} I^{((), \frac{α + β}{2}) - 1} K_{α - B} \sqrt{(2 αβI)}

where

K (() .)

denotes the Bessel function of order 2,

normalΓ

denotes the Gamma function, and

α

and

β

denote the small‐scale and large‐scale turbulent eddies, expressed using Equations () and (), respectively, as follows:

α goodbreak= \frac{1}{\exp ([], \frac{0.49 σ^{2}}{{((), 1 goodbreak+ 1.11 σ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{7}{6}}}) - 1}

β goodbreak= \frac{1}{\exp ([], \frac{0.51 σ^{2}}{{((), 1 goodbreak+ 0.60 σ^{\frac{12}{5}})}^{\frac{5}{6}}}) - 1}

…”

Section: Link Architecture Of Sdm‐pdm‐co‐ofdm‐based Fso Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ghalot et al, 15 16‐QAM‐OFDM‐based FSO transmission system with enhanced performance under adverse weather conditions by employing multibeam transmission is reported; 8 × 10 Gbit/s data transmission along 5‐km FSO range under heavy fog is reported. In another work, 16 a PDM‐FSO transmission employing 16‐QAM signal for providing medical services in last mile areas is reported. The authors demonstrate faithful 120‐Gbit/s transmission at 1.8 km by employing multihop transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance analysis of 400 Gbit/s hybrid space division multiplexing‐polarization division multiplexing‐coherent detection‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based free‐space optics transmission system

Pandi

Singh

Grover³

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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Summary A high‐capacity free‐space optics‐based terrestrial communication link using spectral‐efficient space division multiplexing and polarization division multiplexing techniques has been proposed in this research work. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with the use of coherent detection has been proposed for the transmission of quadrature amplitude modulated high‐speed signals. Eight independent 50‐Gbit/s data streams are transported by two orthogonal polarization states (X and Y) of four distinct Hermite–Gaussian spatial modes to increase the transmission rate of the link to 400 Gbit/s over a single channel. Through numerical simulations, we report feasible transportation of 400‐Gbit/s information at 10 km under clear weather with faithful performance. Further, the impact of atmospheric scintillation and fog weather has been evaluated using simulations. The results report that the maximum range reduces to 6 km under clear weather in the presence of strong atmospheric scintillation. Moreover, the maximum range of 2000, 1700, and 1300 m is reported for light, moderate, and heavy fog conditions respectively.

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“…These amplifiers are characteristically made from the compound semiconductors (typically from group III to group V). Although convenient and cost-effective to use, SOAs will find themselves incompatible with newgeneration all-optical networks (Miglani et al, 2020a). Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), on the other hand, uses an all-optical amplification process obtained through the action of an external pump source that generally operates either at 980 nm or 1480 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain analysis of high-speed DWDM link with different optical amplification configurations

Miglani

Gaba

Masud

et al. 2020

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems

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Evolution of data-hungry devices has prompted the need for an exclusive communication infrastructure that can cater to the exponential increase in the need for high-speed data access. Since optical fiber links are inherently capable of supporting hightransmission data rates, fiber systems will be an integral part of the larger strategy to provide cost-effective high-speed data access to end users. This paper demonstrates the 100 × 40-Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based 100-km-long fiber link whose performance has been analyzed using various configurations of a hybrid optical amplifier. The performance of the proposed link has been investigated using parameters like gain (dB) and bit error rate (BER). During the analysis, it has been observed that hybrid amplification, i.e., combination semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and Raman amplifier, delivers overwhelming gain (dB) in comparison to the conventional stand-alone amplifier. Further, it has been seen that among different positional configurations of the amplifier, symmetrically positioned hybrid amplifiers achieved the gain of 18.6 dB, while the SOA link with similar configuration and parameters delivered link gain of merely −2.6 dB. In terms of BER performance, the symmetric hybrid configuration was outstanding with BER of 10 −5 , while preamplification link BER was merely 10 −3 , and post amplification being the most undesirable. The proposed link has been designed and investigated using OptiSystem TM 14.2.

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Multi-Hop Relay Based Free Space Optical Communication Link for Delivering Medical Services in Remote Areas

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Design and Analysis of Commercially Viable Free-Space Optical Communication Link for Diverse Beam Divergence Profiles

Design and Analysis of Commercially Viable Free-Space Optical Communication Link for Diverse Beam Divergence Profiles

Performance analysis of 400 Gbit/s hybrid space division multiplexing‐polarization division multiplexing‐coherent detection‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based free‐space optics transmission system

Gain analysis of high-speed DWDM link with different optical amplification configurations

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