Multi-Layer Smart Fault Protection for Secure Smart Grids

Bakkar, Mostafa; Bogarra, Santiago; Corcoles, F.; Iglesias, J.; Hanaineh, Wael Al

doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3229848

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The fault location algorithm is a secondary layer in the system that operates at each PD and employs the voltage sequence components of the PD during fault events [ 28 , 42 ] to determine the fault’s location. The algorithm’s kernel is based on the behavior of the sequence components, which depends on the type of fault, whether it is symmetrical or unsymmetrical, and has the advantage of not requiring communication links between PDs.…”

Section: Secure Dual-layered Fault Protection Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the case of symmetrical faults, i.e., a 3PH-G fault at the end of DL3, see Figure 7 , the faulted DL can be located by monitoring the Positive-Sequence Voltage (PSV) during the fault. The simulations showed that during the fault, the PSV at PD6 of DL3, which is the nearest to the fault, will be lower than that of the other unfaulted DLs [ 28 , 42 ]. As a result, PD6 with the lowest PSV value will be disconnected to isolate the faulted DL more quickly than the other PDs.…”

Section: Secure Dual-layered Fault Protection Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Secure Dual-Layer Fault Protection Strategy for Distribution Network with DERs: Enhancing Security in the Face of Communication Challenges

Al Hanaineh,

Matas,

Guerrero

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Earlier protection methods mainly focused on using communication channels to transmit trip signals between the protective devices (PDs), with no solutions provided in the case of communication failure. Therefore, this paper introduces a dual-layer protection system to ensure secure protection against fault events in the Distribution Systems (DSs), particularly in light of communication failures. The initial layer uses the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), the estimates of the amplitude voltages, and the zero-sequence grid voltage components, functioning as a fault sensor, to formulate an adaptive algorithm based on a Finite State Machine (FSM) for the detection and isolation of faults within the grid. This layer primarily relies on communication protocols for effective coordination. A Second-Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) expedites the derivation of the estimated variables, ensuring fast detection with minimal computational overhead. The second layer uses the behavior of the positive- and negative-sequence components of the grid voltages during fault events to locate and isolate these faults. In the event that the first layer exposes a communication failure, the second layer will automatically be activated to ensure secure protection as it operates, using the local information of the Protective devices (PDs), without the need for communication channels to transmit trip signals between the PDs. The proposed protection system has been assessed using simulations with MATLAB/Simulink and providing experimental results considering an IEEE 9-bus standard radial system. The obtained results confirm the capability of the system for identifying and isolating different types of faults, varying conditions, and modifications to the grid configuration. The results show good behavior of the initial THD-based layer, with fast time responses ranging from 6 to 8.5 ms in all the examined scenarios. In contrast, the sequence-based layer exhibits a protection time response of approximately 150 ms, making it a viable backup option in the event of a communication failure.

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Section: Secure Dual-layered Fault Protection Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Secure Dual-layered Fault Protection Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Secure Dual-Layer Fault Protection Strategy for Distribution Network with DERs: Enhancing Security in the Face of Communication Challenges

Al Hanaineh,

Matas,

Guerrero

et al. 2024

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…As a result, short-circuit fault current values can fluctuate, resulting in a mismatch between the protective devices (PDs) settings and the actual fault current. This mismatch may lead to miscoordination or even failure of PDs, which can cause equipment damage or power supply loss [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Smart THD-Based Fault Protection Techniques for Distribution Networks

Hanaineh

Matas

Guerrero

2023

Sensors

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The integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) into distribution systems (DSs) leads to more reliable and efficient power delivery for customers. However, the possibility of bi-directional power flow creates new technical problems for protection schemes. This poses a threat to conventional strategies because the relay settings have to be adjusted depending on the network topology and operational mode. As a solution, it is important to develop novel fault protection techniques to ensure reliable protection and avoid unnecessary tripping. In this regard, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) can be used as a key parameter for evaluating the grid’s waveform quality during fault events. This paper presents a comparison between two DS protection strategies that employ THD levels, estimated amplitude voltages, and zero-sequence components as instantaneous indicators during the faults that function as a kind of fault sensor to detect, identify, and isolate faults. The first method uses a Multiple Second Order Generalized Integrator (MSOGI) to obtain the estimated variables, whereas the second method uses a single SOGI for the same purpose (SOGI-THD). Both methods rely on communication lines between protective devices (PDs) to facilitate coordinated protection. The effectiveness of these methods is assessed by using simulations in MATLAB/Simulink considering various factors such as different types of faults and DG penetrations, different fault resistances and fault locations in the proposed network. Moreover, the performance of these methods is compared with conventional overcurrent and differential protections. The results show that the SOGI-THD method is highly effective in detecting and isolating faults with a time interval of 6–8.5 ms using only three SOGIs while requiring only 447 processor cycles for execution. In comparison to other protection methods, the SOGI-THD method exhibits a faster response time and a lower computational burden. Furthermore, the SOGI-THD method is robust to harmonic distortion, as it considers pre-existing harmonic content before the fault and avoids interference with the fault detection process.

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“…Smart protection can be achieved by using a relay. Smart protection systems have been presented in a lot of papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Electronic Relay for Smart Grid Based on Self-healing Protection

Nasrallah,

Hussein,

Ismeil

2023

Preprint

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The protection system plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the network, as well as preserving the basic components of the electrical network, such as generators, transformers, transmission systems, and electrical power connections. The smart grid system makes the power system more flexible and complex. So the detection of the fault and isolation it fastly is the main issue of the protection system. In this paper, an optimum solution for the protection has been presented. where an adaptive electronic relay for more reliability and self-healing has been presented. The algorithm of the relay operation has been validated based on the MATLAB software SIMULINK. Results validate the effectiveness of the proposed smart electronic relay at various sections of the smart grid system such as generator, transformer, transmission and distribution line, and load.

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Multi-Layer Smart Fault Protection for Secure Smart Grids

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

A Secure Dual-Layer Fault Protection Strategy for Distribution Network with DERs: Enhancing Security in the Face of Communication Challenges

A Secure Dual-Layer Fault Protection Strategy for Distribution Network with DERs: Enhancing Security in the Face of Communication Challenges

A Comparative Study of Smart THD-Based Fault Protection Techniques for Distribution Networks

Adaptive Electronic Relay for Smart Grid Based on Self-healing Protection

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