Multi-layer topology control for long-term wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Due to the inefficiency of a flat topology, most wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a cluster or tree structure; but this causes an imbalance of residual energy between nodes, which gets worse over time as nodes become defunct and replacements are inserted. Multiple layers are better then the typical two-layer cluster-based topology, because it can better accommodate nodes with different levels of residual energy. We propose that each node should periodically determine its own layer, as its situation and the network topology changes. We introduce a topology control scheme for long-term WSNs with these features. Simulations show that this scheme can balance node energy levels, and thus extend network lifetime.

Energy-Aware Hierarchical Topology Control for Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy-Harvesting Nodes

“…In our previous layer-based topology control scheme [1], all the nodes gather data and periodically forward it to a sink node. Nodes are arranged in layers, and data travels hierarchically.…”

“…In our previous system [1], the average expected lifetime of all nodes was delivered to all the nodes in the WSN by means of a Global TCI message, and this information was used in determining each node's layer; but this procedure is not appropriate for WSNs in which nodes closer to a sink use more energy. In our new scheme, therefore, each node calculates a local average expected lifetime from information supplied by its 1- and 2-hop neighbors.…”

“…We have proposed a multilayer topology control scheme as an alternative way of addressing the problem. In our scheme [1], nodes are allocated to several layers, depending on the amount of energy they have available, with the aim of balancing usage against remaining energy. Nodes with plenty of energy are placed in an upper layer, and these nodes aggregate data received from lower layers.…”

Relay-Aided Wireless Sensor Network Discovery Algorithm for Dense Industrial IoT Utilizing ESPAR Antennas

“…These aspects are critical for reliable assessment and appropriate design of both, the network topology and the future protocols. The other aspect that is broadly discussed in the literature is traffic optimization by proper network topology adaptation [33], [34], [21], [35]. This is mainly related to network slicing or clustering where certain geographical rules are provided with respect to find the optimal packet routes that improve the overall network performance.…”