Multi-Level DC/DC Converter for E-Mobility Charging Stations

Abstract

The interest in electric-powered transportation has been increased because of problems such as depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental issues caused by internal combustion engines. The market for various kinds of small E-mobility devices (EMDs), such as electric vehicles (EVs), E-bikes, segways, and mini-boards has been growing rapidly. Of these, the distribution of the small electric vehicles called personal mobility devices (PMDs), which can address problems such as traffic issues and environmental pollution, is expected to gain momentum. However, unlike the widely used charging stations for EVs, charging systems for PMDs are insufficient. The large size of dedicated PMD charging adapters makes them inconvenient to transport. Therefore, to make PMDs more attractive, it is necessary to deploy charging stations that can charge all types of PMDs. The present study proposes a new charging system that can respond to the needs of PMDs having various voltages and implement low charging current ripple. The proposed multi-level charging system can share power by subdividing the power supply to handle the charging requirements of various PMDs. In order to verify the validity of the proposed charging system, we performed simulations and conducted experiments by building a prototype charging system. INDEX TERMS Electric vehicles (EVs), dc/dc converter, personal mobility devices (PMDs), multi-level charging system, E-mobility.

Analysis and Design of 4-to-1 Capacitor-Stacking Balancer for Stacked Voltage Domain

“…12 (a) shows the simulation results of additional voltage ripple of load voltage waveforms for various dead-time. It is shown that as the dead-time increases, the additional voltage ripple increases as shown in (9). According to the analysis regarding charge sharing loss, the smaller the dead-time or the larger the load capacitor, the smaller the corresponding loss.…”

“…Many previous studies related to SVD have been done in terms of power converter [6], [8], [20]- [26]. However, if these technologies are not considered thoroughly along with the peripheral circuits required from the system perspective, they Δ due to (9) Δ are incomplete due to limited applications. Therefore, in this study, the peripheral circuit targeting SVD at the system point of view is considered and compared for both methods at the system-level.…”

Photovoltaic Electric Scooter Charger Dock for the Development of Sustainable Mobility in Urban Environments

“…Mobility problems are the result of numerous situations, among which the following can be highlighted: deterioration of air quality, mainly in urban areas [2], [3]; deterioration in health and life quality with reference to traffic noise [2]; traffic congestion, with the loss of productive time and its economic repercussion [4], [5], [6]; urban space destined to infrastructure for the circulation and parking of vehicles [4]; limited and expensive parking spaces [2]; long commuting distances that favour the use of the private vehicles; and seasonal concentration of tourism that results in oversized infrastructure. Changes in the transport sector must start in the cities with boosts for e-mobility transport systems powered by renewable electricity [7], [8]. The establishment and operation of e-mobility services and infrastructures for electric vehicles (EV) that focus on the use of internet of things (IoT) solutions in the management of charging stations is currently an important issue [9], [10], [11].…”

“…There is little literature on the use of electric scooters (e-scooter) in urban environments as a new element in micro mobility, but there are studies that show the e-scooter's ability to replace the conventional private vehicles in short urban trajectories [6], [13]. Several reasons explain the increase in the number of e-scooters in cities [8]. E-scooters represent a cheap and independent mobility system with easy parking, and can often share lanes initially intended only for bicycles [14].…”

“…Private LePTWs are usually recharged at home or at work; and wireless power transfer systems are under study to simplify the recharging process and avoiding the use of the different types of charging adapters [31]. Charging systems for personal e-mobility devices are insufficient and versatile chargers that can adapt for different voltages and currents must be developed [8]. The recharging of units offered by means of dockless scooter-sharing services, like those described in [32], is done by crowd-sourcing programs in which the company pays individuals to recharge e-scooters at home, using the conventional electricity provided by the power network [33].…”