“…Improved computing performance over the past decade has enabled the development of statistically meaningful simulations of the deformation of grain structures in metals using CPFE models. These models have been used extensively in published research studies for the prediction of deformation texture and mechanical response of metals at both room (Alharbi and Kalidindi, 2015;Bachu and Kalidindi, 1998;Erinosho et al, 2013;Gerard et al, 2013;Kalidindi et al, 2009;Khan et al, 2015;Sabnis et al, 2013;Sarma and Dawson, 1996;Tamini et al, 2014;Van Houtte et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2015b) and elevated temperatures (Li et al, 2004;Quey et al, 2012) with good agreement with experimental measurements. They have also been used to simulate the deformation of grain structures at room temperature for polycrystals (Heripre, 2007;Kanjarla et al, 2010;Musienko et al, 2007;Pokharel et al, 2014;Raabe et al, 2001;Rossiter et al, 2010;Rotters et al, 2010;St-Pierre et al, 2008) but comparison with intra-granular strain measurements usually only shows qualitative agreement with clear local discrepancies between modelling and experimental results.…”