Multi-Level Processes and Retina–Brain Pathways of Photic Regulation of Mood

Maruani, Julia; Geoffroy, Pierre Alexis

doi:10.3390/jcm11020448

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Furthermore, retina-brain pathways, which mainly involve melanopsin-ipRGCs, have been reported to be involved in light impacts on mood: the SCN-dependent pathway and the SCN-independent pathways [ 154 ]. Recently, M4-ipRGC subtypes have been implicated in a multi-synaptic pathway reaching the habenula and involved in mood regulation independently of the SCN and therefore circadian entrainment.…”

Section: Emotional Processing and Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions—Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability

2023

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Light use is rising steeply, mainly because of the advent of light-emitting diode (LED) devices. LEDs are frequently blue-enriched light sources and may have different impacts on the non-image forming (NIF) system, which is maximally sensitive to blue-wavelength light. Most importantly, the timing of LED device use is widespread, leading to novel light exposure patterns on the NIF system. The goal of this narrative review is to discuss the multiple aspects that we think should be accounted for when attempting to predict how this situation will affect the NIF impact of light on brain functions. We first cover both the image-forming and NIF pathways of the brain. We then detail our current understanding of the impact of light on human cognition, sleep, alertness, and mood. Finally, we discuss questions concerning the adoption of LED lighting and screens, which offer new opportunities to improve well-being, but also raise concerns about increasing light exposure, which may be detrimental to health, particularly in the evening.

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Section: Emotional Processing and Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions—Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability

2023

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“…Circadian dysfunction can also be at the root of mood disorders and depression (Golombek and Rosenstein, 2010). It is becoming more appreciated that light is heavily involved in mood regulation, a process mediated mainly through ipRGCs, through SCN-dependent and independent pathways (An et al, 2020;Maruani and Geoffroy, 2022). The prevalence of mood disorder and depression is significantly higher in glaucoma patients than matched controls (Ayaki et al, 2016;Yoshikawa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell-related B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be classified into six types, M1 through M6, that innervate various brain targets serving a broad array of visual and non-visual responses to light [reviewed by Do (2019) and Sondereker et al (2020)]. These responses include but are not limited to the photoentrainment of circadian rhythms (Panda et al, 2002;Ruby et al, 2002), the pupillary light reflex (Lucas et al, 2003), the photic control of mood and sleep (Ayaki et al, 2016;Maruani and Geoffroy, 2022), and the acute photic suppression of melatonin biosynthesis (Panda et al, 2003). This review is focused on type-specific ipRGC loss and the consequences on visual and non-visual effects of light with glaucoma development and progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma

Gao

Provencio

Liu

2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases afflicting more than 70 million people worldwide. It is characterized by damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that ultimately leads to the death of the cells and vision loss. The diversity of RGC types has been appreciated for decades, and studies, including ours, have shown that RGCs degenerate and die in a type-specific manner in rodent models of glaucoma. The type-specific loss of RGCs results in differential damage to visual and non-visual functions. One type of RGC, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC), expressing the photopigment melanopsin, serves a broad array of non-visual responses to light. Since its discovery, six subtypes of ipRGC have been described, each contributing to various image-forming and non-image-forming functions such as circadian photoentrainment, the pupillary light reflex, the photic control of mood and sleep, and visual contrast sensitivity. We recently demonstrated a link between type-specific ipRGC survival and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension. This review focuses on the type-specific ipRGC degeneration and associated behavioral changes in animal models and glaucoma patients. A better understanding of how glaucomatous insult impacts the ipRGC-based circuits will have broad impacts on improving the treatment of glaucoma-associated non-visual disorders.

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“…However, in a very recent manuscript profuse evidence was added on and multiple nuclei of the reticular formation also including DA-containing and 5HT-containing cells were analyzed. In their elegant article Maruani and Geoffroy (2022) emphasize how the photic stimulation from the retina may regulate the mood via acting on different pathways. As they indicate, while a classic pathway engages the SCN, another is independent from SCN and it recruits a number of extra-geniculate areas but the SCN (Figure 1).…”

Section: The Main Retinal Source Of Photic Pathways To the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are mostly independent from visual pathways or image forming retinal afferents. In fact, as summarized by Maruani and Geoffroy (2022) light may activate mood-related circuitries either in the process of regulating circadian rhythms through the classic extra-geniculate system which project to the SCN, or independently via other centers, which are impacted by light independently from circadian rhythms, ruling out the monosynaptic impact on SCN. Among these alternative SCN-independent pathways, which are involved in modulating the sleep-waking cycle, alertness, anxiety, and general emotion we find a variety of retino-brain pathways: there is a direct inhibitory projection to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, and to perifornical orexin producing cells in the hypothalamus.…”

Section: The Photic Regulation Of Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noradrenergic substrates sensing light within brainstem reticular formation as targets for light-induced behavioral and cardiovascular plasticity

Pinelli¹,

Bucci

Scaffidi³

et al. 2022

Archives Italiennes De Biologie

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The occurrence of pure light exerts a variety of effects in the human body, which span from behavioral alterations, such as light-driven automatic motor activity, cognition and mood to more archaic vegetative functions, which encompass most organs of the body with remarkable effects on the cardiovascular system. Although empirical evidence clearly indicates occurrence of these widespread effects, the anatomical correlates and long-lasting changes within putatively specific neuronal circuitries remain largely unexplored. A specific role is supposed to take place for catecholamine containing neurons in the core of the brainstem reticular formation, which produces a widespread release of noradrenaline in the forebrain while controlling the vegetative nervous system. An indirect as well as a direct (mono-synaptic) retino-brainstem pathway is hypothesized to rise from a subtype of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (iPRGCs), subtype M1, which do stain for Brn3b, and project to the pre-tectal region (including the olivary pre-tectal nucleus). This pathway provides profuse axon collaterals, which spread to the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nuclei. According to this evidence, a retino-reticular monosynaptic system occurs, which powerfully modulate the noradrenergic hub of reticular nuclei in the lateral column of the brainstem reticular formation. These nuclei, which are evidenced in the present study, provide the anatomical basis to induce behavioral and cardiovascular modulation. The occurrence of a highly interconnected network within these nuclei is responsible for light driven plastic effects, which may alter persistently behavior and vegetative functions as the consequence of long-lasting alterations in the environmental light stimulation of the retina. These changes, which occur within the core of an archaic circuitry such as the noradrenaline-containing neurons of the reticular formation, recapitulate, within the CNS, ancestral effects of light-driven changes, which can be detected already within the retina itself at the level of multipotent photic cells.

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Multi-Level Processes and Retina–Brain Pathways of Photic Regulation of Mood

Cited by 24 publications

References 153 publications

Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions—Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability

Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions—Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma

Noradrenergic substrates sensing light within brainstem reticular formation as targets for light-induced behavioral and cardiovascular plasticity

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