Multi-locus sequence analysis of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae for the molecular epidemiology of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Abstract

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a devastating disease of domestic goats. The exact distribution of CCPP is not known but it is present in Africa and the Middle East and represents a significant threat to many disease-free areas including Europe. Furthermore, CCPP has been recently identified in Tajikistan and China. A typing method with an improved resolution based on Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) has been developed to trace new epidemics and to elucidate whether the recently identified cases in continental Asia were due to recent importation of Mccp. The H2 locus, a polymorphic region already in use as a molecular marker for Mccp evolution, was complemented with seven new loci selected according to the analysis of polymorphisms observed among the genome sequences of three Mccp strains. A total of 25 strains, including the two new strains from Asia, were analysed by MLSA resulting in the discrimination of 15 sequence types based on 53 polymorphic positions. A distance tree inferred from the concatenated sequences of the eight selected loci revealed two evolutionary lineages comprising five groups, which showed good correlation with geographic origins. The presence of a distinct Asian cluster strongly indicates that CCPP was not recently imported to continental Asia. It is more likely that the disease has been endemic in the area for a long time, as supported by historical clinical descriptions. In conclusion, this MLSA strategy constitutes a highly discriminative tool for the molecular epidemiology of CCPP.

Complete Genome Sequences of Virulent Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae Strains F38 and ILRI181

“…A genomic comparison of the available genomes, including the M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strain Abomsa9231 isolated in Ethiopia in 1982 ( 8 ), confirms the very close similarity of available M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae genomes, as already indicated using multilocus sequence type data ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Genotyping of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis

“…More recently, two typing methods were used to identify the genetic diversity in M. hyorhinis, namely sequencing of the p37 gene and a multilocus sequencing typing (MLST; Tocqueville et al, 2014). Among the bacterial genotyping methods, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) has been used to type diverse Mycoplasmas (McAuliffe et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2008;Dégrange et al, 2009;Manso-Silván et al, 2011;Pinho et al, 2012;Vranckx et al, 2011;Charlebois et al, 2014), but has not been applied to type M. hyorhinis. Therefore, the present study was performed with the objective of developing a MLVA assay based on VNTRs specific for M. hyorhinis.…”

A large-scale genomic approach affords unprecedented resolution for the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

“…Since it was first isolated in 1976 [ 3 ], Mccp has only been isolated in 17 countries, mainly because of its fastidiousness in culture. However, clinical descriptions have been published in nearly 40 countries in Africa and Asia, suggesting a much wider distribution [ 4 ]. The disease is present in the Arabian Peninsula, North, Central and East Africa and Asia, but its boundaries are still uncertain, particularly in western and southern Africa and in Asia.…”