Multi locus sequence typing of Chlamydiales: clonal groupings within the obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

Pannekoek, Yvonne; Morelli, Giovanna; Kušećek, Barica; Morré, Servaas A.; Ossewaarde, Jacobus M.; Langerak, Ankie A. J.; Ende, Arie van der

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-42

Cited by 129 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The widespread recombination observed between ompA alleles also explains why ompA-based strain typing in some cases correlates poorly with the clinical phenotypes and infection site tropisms of C. trachomatis serovars. Furthermore, typing of loci from highly variable regions of the genome, such as the plasticity zone and the polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) genes, as well as multilocus sequencing typing (MLST), further supports the notion that recombination extends beyond the ompA locus and is pervasive throughout the C. trachomatis genome (116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121).…”

Section: Evidence Of Lgt Events Among Chlamydia Clinical Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

Bastidas

Valdivia

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARYChlamydiaspecies infect millions of individuals worldwide and are important etiological agents of sexually transmitted disease, infertility, and blinding trachoma. Historically, the genetic intractability of this intracellular pathogen has hindered the molecular dissection of virulence factors contributing to its pathogenesis. The obligate intracellular life cycle ofChlamydiaand restrictions on the use of antibiotics as selectable markers have impeded the development of molecular tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. However, recent developments in the field have resulted in significant gains in our ability to alter the genome ofChlamydia, which will expedite the elucidation of virulence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the challenges affecting the development of molecular genetic tools forChlamydiaand the work that laid the foundation for recent advancements in the genetic analysis of this recalcitrant pathogen.

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Section: Evidence Of Lgt Events Among Chlamydia Clinical Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

Bastidas

Valdivia

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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“…Previously, we developed a high-resolution multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system that was specifically designed for short-term epidemiology and outbreak investigations (18). This is in contrast to two conventional MLST schemes that are based on housekeeping genes and therefore are better suited to monitor evolutionary changes and slow genetic processes (8,27). Our MLST system is based on the PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of five highly variable but stable genetic regions (21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Show Specific Clustering for Men Who Have Sex with Men Compared to Heterosexual Populations in Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States

et al. 2012

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f High-resolution genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis improves the characterization of strains infecting different patient groups and sexual networks. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ompA sequence determination were used for an analysis of C. trachomatis strains from 203 men who have sex with men (MSM) from Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States. The results obtained were compared with data from 153 heterosexual women from Sweden and the Netherlands. The overlap in MLST/ompA profiles between MSM from Sweden and the Netherlands was 68%, while the overlap between heterosexual populations from these countries was only 18%. The distribution of genotypes in MSM from the United States was less similar to that in MSM from the European countries, with 45% and 46% overlaps for MSM in Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively. Minimum-spanning-tree analysis of MLST/ompA sequence types identified two large clusters that contained almost exclusively samples from MSM and comprised 74% of all MSM samples. Three other clusters were predominated by samples from women but also contained MSM specimens. Of 19 detected variants of the MLST target CT144, three variants were highly associated with MSM. Our study supports the hypotheses of both tissue tropism as well as epidemiological network structures as explanations for the linkage between specific genetic variants and sexual orientation.

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“…There are three such schemes described for C. trachomatis. Two of them are based on housekeeping genes, have a resolution similar to that of ompA sequencing, and are suitable for evolutionary studies (11,12). The third scheme was developed by Klint et al (10); it is intended for short-term clinical epidemiology and outbreak investigations and is based on five highly variable genomic loci (hctB [CT046], CT058, CT144, CT172, and pbpB [CT682]).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In most countries, almost half of all urogenital chlamydia infections are of serotype E, and within this serotype the ompA E/Bour genotype predominates (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Therefore, other typing methods were developed, such as multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) (8,9) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Multilocus Sequence Type Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Strains from 16 Countries

et al. 2015

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eThe Uppsala University Chlamydia trachomatis multilocus sequence type (MLST) database (http://mlstdb.bmc.uu.se) is based on five target regions (non-housekeeping genes) and the ompA gene. Each target has various numbers of alleles-hctB, 89; CT058, 51; CT144, 30; CT172, 38; and pbpB, 35-derived from 13 studies. Our aims were to perform an overall analysis of all C. trachomatis MLST sequence types (STs) in the database, examine STs with global spread, and evaluate the phylogenetic capability by using the five targets. A total of 415 STs were recognized from 2,089 specimens. The addition of 49 ompA gene variants created 459 profiles. ST variation and their geographical distribution were characterized using eBURST and minimum spanning tree analyses. There were 609 samples from men having sex with men (MSM), with 4 predominating STs detected in this group, comprising 63% of MSM cases. Four other STs predominated among 1,383 heterosexual cases comprising, 31% of this group. The diversity index in ocular trachoma cases was significantly lower than in sexually transmitted chlamydia infections. Predominating STs were identified in 12 available C. trachomatis whole genomes which were compared to 22 C. trachomatis full genomes without predominating STs. No specific gene in the 12 genomes with predominating STs could be linked to successful spread of certain STs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MLST targets provide a tree similar to trees based on whole-genome analysis. The presented MLST scheme identified C. trachomatis strains with global spread. It provides a tool for epidemiological investigations and is useful for phylogenetic analyses. Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide (1), and besides urogenital infections, it also causes lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which is a rare but more invasive sexually transmitted disease. In addition, C. trachomatis causes the eye infection trachoma, which is the major infectious cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Severe sequelae from urogenital chlamydia infections include ectopic pregnancy and infertility (2). In spite of testing, treatment, partner notification, and counseling, huge public health efforts have not been able to control urogenital chlamydia infections. Current knowledge about the role of repeated infections and transmission in sexual networks is still limited and needs to be extended to achieve a reduction in the rate of infections.In this context, it is important to have adequate tools for genotyping to understand the epidemiology of chlamydia infections. Traditional typing of C. trachomatis was based on serotyping of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and, later on, genotyping of the ompA gene, which encodes MOMP. However, neither MOMP nor ompA provides sufficient discriminatory power for epidemiological purposes (3). In most countries, almost half of all urogenital chlamydia infections are of serotype E, and within this serotype the ompA E/Bour genotype predominates (4-8). Therefore, other typ...

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Multi locus sequence typing of Chlamydiales: clonal groupings within the obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

Cited by 129 publications

References 51 publications

Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Show Specific Clustering for Men Who Have Sex with Men Compared to Heterosexual Populations in Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United States

Global Multilocus Sequence Type Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Strains from 16 Countries

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