Multi-material 3D printing-enabled multilayers for smart actuationviamagnetic and thermal stimuli

Abstract

Transitional compositions or phase-changing structures in specific layers can respond to environmental changes differently and show intelligent behaviors. For example, smart polymers with shape morphing capabilities (e.g., external field-controlled untethered...

3D Printing‐Enabled Design and Manufacturing Strategies for Batteries: A Review

“…AM of intelligent/innovative dynamic structures, i.e., 4D printing, has primarily been composed of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and shape memory polymers (SMPs), which are smart materials capable of changing size, shape, or color under the influence of external stimuli (i.e., pressure, heat, light, water, pH, electrical or magnetic fields). [209][210][211] The potential applications of 4D printing are diverse and include self-assembling robots, medical implants that can adapt to the body's changing conditions, and building structures that can adjust to changing environmental conditions. For example, 3D printable PLA inks as SMP from direct writing retained excellent shape after UV-curing (Figure 15a 1 ) with thermal responsiveness.…”

Nanoparticle Assembly: From Self‐Organization to Controlled Micropatterning for Enhanced Functionalities

“…[413] For example, D. Ravichandran et al have micropatterned 7.5 wt.% Fe 3 O 4 NPs in the anisotropic fashion in multiphase, multilayer structures via Multiphase Direct Ink writing (MDIW) 3D printing. [414] This 3D printing is unique in a way that the magnetic particles and polymers used to confine the nanoparticles along a specific channel can be printed at the same time, with the iron oxide selectively distributed at specific locations. The particle orientation generated higher magnetization in the direction parallel to the NPs than perpendicular which generated anisotropic response to magnetism in a 3D space.…”

“…The particle orientation generated higher magnetization in the direction parallel to the NPs than perpendicular which generated anisotropic response to magnetism in a 3D space. [414] Figure 15c 1 -c 2 shows the response of the arrowhead samples to the changing magnetic field (B) where the arrowhead of the sample is aligned to B (green, red, and blue arrow) when the magnetization direction is parallel to aligned NPs layers. When a magnetic force (F) was applied along with B, the sample displayed directional movements (i.e., translation and flipping motion) with precise directional control (e.g., moving ahead, backward, rotation in water, flipping in air), suggesting broad applications in wearable electronics, soft robotics, biomedical scaffolding for drug delivery, and many more.…”

“…When a magnetic force (F) was applied along with B, the sample displayed directional movements (i.e., translation and flipping motion) with precise directional control (e.g., moving ahead, backward, rotation in water, flipping in air), suggesting broad applications in wearable electronics, soft robotics, biomedical scaffolding for drug delivery, and many more. [414] In another example, R. K. Prud'homme et al reported the assembly of 10 nm iron-oxide nanocrystals encapsulated into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to make biocompatible contrast agents. [415] They could detect the 0.8 mm 3 metastatic tumor from non-small cell lung cancer in vivo in mice liver via magnetic resonance image (MRI).…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 414 ] Copyright 2022, The Royal Society of Chemistry. d) The magnetic resonance image (MRI) of mouse liver tissue, d 1 ) before dosing with iron‐oxide nanocrystals exhibiting normal grey contrast and d 2 ) after dosing indicating healthy liver tissue appearing black, a contrast due to the presence of assembled magnetic nanoparticles after 24 hrs.…”