“…By contrast, the method proposed by Yamada et al [8], which updates the level set function with the reaction-diffusion equation, allows easy control of the geometric complexity of the optimal structure and is applicable to a wide range of design problems. In fact, this method has been used to solve elasticity [10,11,12], thermal [13,14], acoustic [15,16,17], electromagnetic [18,19], fluid [20], current control [21], thermoelectric [22], multiple material [23,24,25], and other optimal design problems, confirming its high extendibility.…”