Multi-microgrids approach for design and operation of future distribution networks based on novel technical indices

Haddadian, Hossein; Noroozian, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.120

Cited by 98 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…63. As shown in Table II, if it is required to partition the system into nine microgrids, that is, = 9, the optimal eight cut-set lines that minimize the exchange of power between microgrids are (3,8,10,13,20,28,46,62) and the corresponding value of the objective function 1 is 264.42 pu. It is also evident that the value of 1 increases as increases.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design in [27] scrutinized the communication and control requirements for partitioning of distribution networks using . In [28], the operation of future distribution networks based on multi-microgrids approach was augmented based on several technical criteria including active power adequacy, active power losses, reliability, and voltage profile. The reactive power adequacy has not been taken into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Planning Framework for Optimal Partitioning of Distribution Networks Into Microgrids

Osama

Zobaa

Abdelaziz

2020

IEEE Systems Journal

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This paper proposes a novel methodology for the optimal design of microgrids in distribution systems with multiple distributed generation units. Following the IEEE Standard 1547.4-2011, the operation and control of large distribution networks can be enhanced by dividing these networks into multiple virtual microgrids. The proposed planning framework incorporates the necessary conditions for microgrids to operate efficiently in gridconnected operating mode and successfully during islanding. To obtain a robust design, the clustering process considers three objectives: maximizing the self-adequacy of the designed microgrids, maximizing microgrid islanding success probability, and a combination of both targets. For this purpose, the PG&E distribution system with 69 buses is selected as a test case. Backtracking search optimization algorithm, a probabilistic load flow approach, and graph-based theories are used to accomplish this research. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining the self-adequacy and the islanding success probability objectives in the clustering process. Compared with other strategies present in the previous literature, the proposed framework results in more self-sufficient and successful islands assessed in terms of active and reactive power adequacy as well as voltage constraints. Next, the effects of increased penetration level of distributed generation units and installation of both distributed energy storage units and distributed reactive sources on the design process are examined. Finally, comparison with other microgrid design objectives applied in previous researches reveals that the resultant design is sensitive to the system's reliability, security, and economic requirements.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Planning Framework for Optimal Partitioning of Distribution Networks Into Microgrids

Osama

Zobaa

Abdelaziz

2020

IEEE Systems Journal

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“…Therefore, large-scale distributed renewable energy generation units have been integrated with energy storage units (ESUs) to form electrical MGs (Yang 2014), (Niknam 2012). At the same time, with the development of concepts like Energy Internet or active distribution networks (ADN), it is expected that more distributed generation (DG) and MGs will be interconnected in the next future , , (Haddadian 2017), (Peng 2017), (Zhou 2016). Therefore, in order to facilitate the next ADN's operation, it is necessary to effectively schedule, dispatch, manage, and control MGs or MG aggregators (Fang 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat tie-line power scheduling control of grid-connected hybrid microgrids

et al. 2018

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KeywordsGrid-connected hybrid microgrids, tie-line power flow, flat power scheduling, hierarchical coordination control, central controller, local controller Acronyms Wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), energy storage units (ESUs), microgrids (MGs), distributed generation (DG), maximum power point tracking (MPPT), active distribution networks (ADN), active power (P), reactive power (Q), doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), energy management system (EMS) Nomenclature Parameter DescriptionC Usable capacity of the battery [Ah] Ddutycycle Duty cycle of the DC/DC converter [%] Ibat Battery current [A] ICmin Maximum charge current of the battery [A] IDmax Maximum discharge current of the battery [A] K A proportional coefficient of pitch control [-] PB Active power of ESU [W] Pgl Output power of MG [W] Pinv Output active power of PV-inverter [W] Pmpp Maximum output power of PV at certain irradiation [W] PPV Active power of PV [W] Pr Active power of DFIG rotor-side [W] PREF Active power reference of PV-inverter [W] Ps Active power of DFIG stator-side [W] PT Average power during the dispatching time T [W] * Output power reference of MG during T [W] PW Active power of WT [W] Pw * Power reference of WT [W] Pwmax* Maximum power at a certain wind speed [W] QREF SoC Reactive power reference of PV-inverter [var] State of charge of the battery SoC(0) T Initial SoC of the battery [%] Dispatching time [s] v Wind speed [m/s] Vbat Battery voltage [V] VDClink DC bus voltage of the PV array [V] vmax Maximum (cut-out) wind speed [m/s] vmin Minimum (cut-in) wind speed [m/s] Vmpp Maximum power point voltage of the PV array at certain irradiation [V] VOC Vth Open circuit voltage of the PV array [V] Threshold battery voltage [V] WPV Electric energy generated by the PV array [Ws] τβ Time constant of the pitch actuator [s]  Pitch angle of the WT []  * Pitch angle reference of the WT [] AbstractIn future active distribution networks (ADNs), microgrids (MGs) may have the possibility to control the power dispatched to the ADN by coordinating the output power of their multiple renewable generation units and energy storage units (ESUs). In this way, each MG may support the active distribution network, while promoting the penetration of renewable energy sources in a rational way. In this paper, we propose a tie-line power flow control of a hybrid MG, including photovoltaic (PV) generator, small wind turbines (WT), and ESUs.Firstly, the structure of the hybrid PV/WT/ESU MG is presented. In this power architecture, the battery is directly connected to the PV side through a DC/DC converter, thus reducing the number of conversions. Secondly, a hierarchical control is proposed to coordinate all those elements of the MG, making the tie-line power flow constant for a period of time, e.g. 15 minutes. Also, a method to calculate the tie-line power flow to be exchanged between the MG and the ADN is explored, and a power ramp rate is given between different dispatch intervals. Finally, a simulation model of the hybrid MG is built and tested. Simula...

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“…In [31] economic operation of a multiple micro-grid system is investigated with a stochastic decision model, considering uncertainties in load and RESs. The authors in [32] modeled the stochastic nature of renewable energy systems, loads, and prices according to their probability density functions to achieve the optimal operation of distribution networks in the notion of MMGs. Kou et al [33] studied that every MG tried to get the optimal operation cost working with other MGs keeping track of the power reference delivered by distribution network operator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperation between Two Micro-Grids Considering Power Exchange: An Optimal Sizing Approach Based on Collaborative Operation

et al. 2018

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Optimal sizing of single micro-grid faces problems such as high life cycle cost, low self-consumption of power generated by renewable energy, and disturbances of intermittent renewable energy. Interconnecting single micro-grids as a cooperative system to reach a proper size of renewable energy generations and batteries is a credible method to promote performance in reliability and economy. However, to guarantee the optimal collaborative sizing of two micro-grids is a challenging task, particularly with power exchange. In this paper, the optimal sizing of economic and collaborative for two micro-grids and the tie line is modelled as a unit commitment problem to express the influence of power exchange between micro-grids on each life cycle cost, meanwhile guaranteeing certain degree of power supply reliability, which is calculated by Loss of Power Supply Probability in the simulation. A specified collaborative operation of power exchange between two micro-grids is constructed as the scheduling scheme to optimize the life cycle cost of two micro-grids using genetic algorithm. The case study verifies the validity of the method proposed and reveal the advantages of power exchange in the two micro-grids system. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimal sizing means based on collaborative operation can minimize the life cycle cost of two micro-grids respectively considering different renewable energy sources. Compared to the sizing of single micro-grid, the suggested method can not only improve the economic performance for each micro-grid but also form a strong support between interconnected micro-grids. In addition, a proper price of power exchanges will balance the cost saving between micro-grids, making the corresponding stake-holders prefer to be interconnected.Sustainability 2018, 10, 4198 2 of 21 for a two micro-grids system more uncertain. Therefore, in order to improve economy performance of neighbouring MGs and ensure the reliability at the same time, it is meaningful to study cooperative sizing of two micro-grids considering different local renewable energy resources, which may lay the foundation for further cooperative sizing of MMG system. Literature ReviewRecently, the sizing of renewable energy systems has attracted the attention of many scholars worldwide. Economically, the total annual cost of the system should be minimized by means of optimizing the combination of wind turbines, PV panels and the batteries system [4]. That is to say, the aim of obtaining the right amount optimized of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and storage is to minimize the annual value of total cost for the entire system under certain constraints. Many scholars have studied in optimizing sizing of hybrid wind and photovoltaic systems. For example, on the base of a simple graphical construction, the optimal combination of a hybrid PV-wind system was investigated without taking account of the actual scale of the battery in [5]. Taking the per-unit cost of the power produced and the total system cost into consideration, a...

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Multi-microgrids approach for design and operation of future distribution networks based on novel technical indices

Cited by 98 publications

References 34 publications

A Planning Framework for Optimal Partitioning of Distribution Networks Into Microgrids

A Planning Framework for Optimal Partitioning of Distribution Networks Into Microgrids

Flat tie-line power scheduling control of grid-connected hybrid microgrids

Cooperation between Two Micro-Grids Considering Power Exchange: An Optimal Sizing Approach Based on Collaborative Operation

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