Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization of tapered thin-walled square tubes with indentations

Crashworthy structures for future vehicle architecture of autonomous pods and heavy quadricycles on public roads: A review

“…Extensive use of NSGA-II and RSM had been found in literature to converge rapidly to a global optimum under many load-cases while a Pareto frontier provided a good visual representation. 38,45,48,60…”

“…As mentioned, many studies have been conducted upon multi-cell extrusions, primarily with aluminum extrusions. A swarm optimization had been conducted by Fang et al to obtain a cross-sectional design of a longitudinal rail, this constraint driven algorithm highlighted the trend of the material being pushed toward 40 Y N N N Sun et al 41 Y N N N Fang et al 42 Y N N N Ito et al 43 N/A N/A N/A Y Lee and Park 44 P N P N Gao et al 45 Y Y N N Qiu et al 46 Y Y N N Noversa and Peixinho 47 Y N N N Asanjarani et al 38 Y N N N An et al 48 Y N Y N Sun et al 49 Y N N N Reddy et al 35 Y N N N Kamran et al 50 Y N N N Hou et al 51 Y N N N Ma et al 52 Y N N N Zaidi et al 53 N N Y Y Zhu et al 54 Y Y Y N Kohar et al 55 Y N N N Kohar et al 56 Y N N N Omer et al 57 Y N N N Schlosser et al 58 N N Y N Li et al 59 Y N N N Sun et al 60 Y N N N Zahran et al 37 Y N N Y Xu et al 61 Y N N Y Nia and Chahardoli 62 Y N N P Zhang et al 63 Y N N N Reddy et al 64 Y N N N the corners of the member. This had been identified to aid in the increase of energy absorption by inducing more folds under the crush load.…”

“…It had been found through literature that imperfection methods were very efficient at reducing the peak force and developing stable folds; however, this came at a cost to the amount of energy absorbed. 37,38 Although this is beneficial for occupant safety as it reduces the instantaneous load to the occupant, it poses problems in terms of energy absorption for smaller vehicles due to small crush distance allowance. Furthermore, initiation triggers are highly specific to impact velocity as they are related to the fold wavelength of material which can reduce the performance of the component if a different velocity of impact occurs.…”

On the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled energy absorbers: Recent advances and future developments

“… For high strain rate, significant enhancement of the plateau stress was reported due to shockwave effects. [172] Alporas, a closed-cell aluminium foam 400 to 2500 s −1  Strain rate sensitivity was reported  The strain rate sensitivity increased with increasing the foam density [280] ALPORAS functionally graded aluminium foam 1000-2000 s −1  ALPORAS foam exhibited strain rate sensitivity in the range up to 1000 [S −1 ]  For higher strain rate rates (≈ 2000 s -1 ), the foam showed insensitive behaviour to strain rate [281] [283], [185], [120], [246]    [100]    [243]    [245]    [246]    [246]    [246], [284]    [284]    [284]    [285]    [286]    [287]    [121] Indentations   [288]    [47]    [289]    [46]    [290], [230]    [242] Stiffeners   [238] Corrugations   [291]    [292] Indentations   [293] Cut-outs   [113]    [294], [185], [245], [120], [221], [295], [104]    [220], [221]    ...…”

A Novel Hybrid Algorithm for Solving Multiobjective Optimization Problems with Engineering Applications

“…Thus, MOPs that were based on surrogate models that concerned thin-walled structures were investigated to improve the performance in terms of crashworthiness and light weight [38,39]. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to the crashworthiness optimization of tapered thin-walled square tubes [40]. Sun et al [41] have improved the energy absorption ability and realized the lightweight design of thinwall structures based on multiobjective optimization and surrogate models.…”