Multi-objective energy management of CHP-based microgrid considering demand response programs

From demand response to integrated demand response: review and prospect of research and application

“…Through demand response, the electricity and heat demands of the customers can be met with the lowest cost, and the response load can be transferred between different time periods without curtailing load. Aiming at minimizing the costs and emissions, a multi-objective optimal energy management model is proposed in [67]. The electricity and heat demands in the microgrids are efficiently satisfied by coordinating various types of energy resources.…”

Control Strategy for MGT Generation System Optimized by Improved WOA to Enhance Demand Response Capability

“…where β is the weight between (4) and (5) to reflect the relationship between electricity output error and response time. If electricity out error is more important, β should be between 0 and 0.5.…”

“…Reference [3] extensively studies the demand response capability of CHP and quantifies the potential energy cost savings. Reference [4,5] propose multi-objective models for optimal energy management of grid-connected CHP systems respectively, in which Reference [4] considers real-time prices through prediction models, while Reference [5] is more concerned with carbon emissions. The economic efficiency of CHP systems can be further improved because of the value of heat storage units for improving highly renewable generation-dominated power systems [6,7].…”

“…The CHP optimization operation is a multi-timescale problem, which depends on the coordination between the dispatch instructions at the system level and the control system at the equipment level. Reference [3][4][5][6][7] mainly focuses on the optimal operation of the steady state, but most of them ignore the transient process and the important characteristics of the equipment. It is also significant to study a smaller time-scale optimal problem, which mainly focuses on the control system and the regulation.…”

Extended multi‐energy demand response scheme for industrial integrated energy system

“…By incorporating the building stock thermal behaviour as equivalent energy storage, a model is established in [17] for the quantification of the flexibility offered by the thermal storage of building stock equipped with heat pumps, to power systems with high penetration level of wind power. Gitizadeh et al [18] propose a multi‐objective model for optimal energy management of CHP‐based MG with the goal of cost and emission minimisation. The price‐based DR program is also implemented to serve the demand for power and heat.…”