Multi-objective energy management optimization and parameter sizing for proton exchange membrane hybrid fuel cell vehicles

An energy management strategy is proposed for a class of fuel cell∕battery hybrid systems. In such hybrid systems, a fuel cell system is the main power source, and a lithium-ion battery is the auxiliary power source. In order to manage the system power at the next moment in a reasonable way, a load current filter with bounded estimation errors is designed to estimate the load current.Then, a real-time optimal energy management algorithm is proposed to optimize economy consumption of the hybrid system. By taking current change rate of the fuel cell and the state of charge into consideration and taking reasonable model simplifications, the optimization problem can be described as a quadratic programming problem. Then a general purpose solver is proposed to solve the quadratic programming problem based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. The efficiency of the proposed solver is much faster than computing interior point method or active set method. Simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK are carried out to validate the significant effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed management strategy.

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“…Then we can get a description of the battery consumption. It is remarkable that in , authors also use equivalent hydrogen consumption model.

\begin{matrix} right Δ ξ & left = Δ A_{h} z A^{\frac{1}{z}} e^{- (\frac{E_{a} + B \cdot C_{R}}{z R T_{B a t}})} ξ^{\frac{z - 1}{z}} & right \\ right Δ A_{h} & left = \frac{1}{3600} \int_{t_{p}}^{t_{p + 1}} | I_{b a t} | d t . \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Optimal Energy Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time optimal energy management for a fuel cell/battery hybrid system

Chen

Liu

et al. 2019

Asian Journal of Control

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“…Conversely, for a dynamic process,

E_{H 2 - italicxcover}^{OCV}

is assumed to be not constant for the active surface area change under OCV conditions. In previous studies,

E_{H 2 - italicxcover}^{OCV}

is expressed as Equation , as follows:

E_{H_{2} ‐ normalx cov er}^{OCV} = V_{act} = \frac{RT}{αF} ln ((), \frac{i_{H_{2}}^{cross}}{i_{0}}) = \frac{RT}{αF} ln ((), \frac{I_{H_{2}}^{italiccross} / ECSA}{i_{0}}) = \frac{RT}{αF} ln ((), \frac{I_{H_{2}}^{cross}}{i_{0} \times ECSA})

where I H2 cross is the absolute crossover current, ECSA denotes the electrochemically active surface areas of a platinum catalyst, and i 0 denotes the exchange current density. When the operating condition is stable, i 0 , I H2 cross , and ECSA are considered as constants.…”

Section: Physical and Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, for a dynamic process, E OCV H2−xcover is assumed to be not constant for the active surface area change under OCV conditions. In previous studies, 29,30 E OCV H2−xcover is expressed as Equation 2, as follows:…”

Section: Semiempirical Ocv Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semiempirical dynamic model of reversible open circuit voltage drop in a PEM fuel cell

Song

et al. 2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Fuel cell voltage modeling is important for fundamental research. The main focus of previous studies has been the working voltage segment, whereas the accuracy of the open circuit voltage (OCV), especially the dynamic OCV change process, has been ignored. A semiempirical model including the OCV and an electrochemical model has been proposed in this study to clarify the reversible voltage drop process. A mixed cathode potential drop that is assumed as corresponding to a piecewise function relationship with an active surface area is introduced in this study. Fitting results exactly coincide with the original data in 2 modes, namely a quasistatic condition in a bench test and a dynamic condition in a fuel cell city bus. In the dynamic OCV drop process, the voltage drop due to the hydrogen crossover current approximately corresponds to 0.003 V and the mixed cathode potential drop approximately corresponds to 0.02 V.

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“…J C consists of three parts: the capital costs of BT packs, SC packs, and DC/DC converters Cost cap in €/year; the operating cost of electricity Cost ope in €/day; and the replacement cost Cost rep of the BT packs in €/year, and is illustrated in Equation (23). According to the continuous operations of the LHD, we assume that it works 24 h a day and 360 days a year.…”

Section: Life Cycle Cost Model Of Hybrid Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Energy storage systems (ESS) play an important role in the performance of mining vehicles. A hybrid ESS combining both batteries (BTs) and supercapacitors (SCs) is one of the most promising solutions. As a case study, this paper discusses the optimal hybrid ESS sizing and energy management strategy (EMS) of 14-ton underground load-haul-dump vehicles (LHDs). Three novel contributions are added to the relevant literature. First, a multi-objective optimization is formulated regarding energy consumption and the total cost of a hybrid ESS, which are the key factors of LHDs, and a battery capacity degradation model is used. During the process, dynamic programming (DP)-based EMS is employed to obtain the optimal energy consumption and hybrid ESS power profiles. Second, a 10-year life cycle cost model of a hybrid ESS for LHDs is established to calculate the total cost, including capital cost, operating cost, and replacement cost. According to the optimization results, three solutions chosen from the Pareto front are compared comprehensively, and the optimal one is selected. Finally, the optimal and battery-only options are compared quantitatively using the same objectives, and the hybrid ESS is found to be a more economical and efficient option.

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Multi-objective energy management optimization and parameter sizing for proton exchange membrane hybrid fuel cell vehicles

Cited by 241 publications

References 22 publications

Real‐time optimal energy management for a fuel cell/battery hybrid system

Real‐time optimal energy management for a fuel cell/battery hybrid system

A semiempirical dynamic model of reversible open circuit voltage drop in a PEM fuel cell

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs

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