“…GP aims at automatically exploring the solution space in order to evolve a computer program (solution) for a user-defined problem (Koza, 1992). GP has been widely used to tackle the problems of image classification (Smart and Zhang, 2003;Zhang and Smart, 2004;Zhang and Johnston, 2009;Downey and Zhang, 2009;Atkins et al, 2011;Abdulhamid et al, 2011;Al-Sahaf et al, 2014b,a), object detection (Zhang and Ciesielski, 1999;Liddle et al, 2010), edge detection (Fu et al, 2011(Fu et al, , 2012, and image descriptor (Perez and Olague, 2009;Hindmarsh et al, 2012;Olague and Trujillo, 2011;Albukhanajer et al, 2014). A large number of the GP-based methods operate in two stages where feature detection and extraction is performed first, and evolving a classifier takes place second.…”