Optimization of machining parameters has an important impact on milling efficiency and surface quality. This paper analyzes the change of milling stability with different process parameters, and constructs a 3D stability diagram. Further considering the constraints of machine tool performance, tool life and machining requirements, a multi-objective process parameter optimization model of rough and finish milling machining is established according to the different objectives of different machining stages. Secondly, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution of the model, which includes the axial cutting depth, radial cutting depth, spindle speed and feed rate per tooth in the rough and finish machining stage. Finally, the machining experiment is carried out. Compared with the experimental results based on empirical parameters, the machining time is effectively shortened and the surface quality is improved, which also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.