“…Though incurring additional expenses for pipe installation on new sites, the closure of the external loops in phase 2 enables money savings in the diameters used in other parts of the network, therefore resulting in better hydraulic performance with equal total cost. This confirms the results obtained in 7 – 9 about the benefits of topological redundancy. Figure 9 Pareto front of optimal trade-off solutions between total cost C and minimum pressure head h min in the network, obtained in optimization 1 (phase 1) and optimization 2 (phase 2), considering the network configurations with open and closed external loops, respectively.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In this context, Lamaddalena et al 7 proposed a sequential algorithm for identifying the loops to be closed to improve the hydraulic performance, whereas Fouial et al 8 implemented loop re-closure in the framework of the multi-objective genetic optimization. Furthermore, Masoumi et al 9 presented a multi-objective methodology based on the Max–Min ant optimization to design both layout and pipe diameters in pressurized irrigation networks operating on-demand.…”
This paper presents an innovative methodology for the design of pressurized irrigation networks. Compared to other methodologies proposed in the scientific literature, it features three novel aspects: (i) construction of peak demand scenarios based on the random selection of installation nodes for hydrant heads available in each sector of irrigated properties; (ii) realistic hydraulic modelling of outflows from hydrant heads by means of the pressure driven approach; and (iii) adoption of linear constraints to enforce the telescopic property in the distribution of diameters from the source towards the external areas of the network in the optimized design. The applications of the methodology to the real network serving an irrigated area of 750 ha in Northern Italy proved that the aspects (i) and (ii) contribute to the accurate modelling of the current network while highlighting its hydraulic deficiencies. The adoption of the linear constraints described in (iii) in the context of the bi-objective genetic optimization of network diameters resulted in the speeding up of the algorithm convergence. The results show how decision makers can choose the ultimate configuration based on budget considerations from the trade-off solutions obtained between installation costs and hydraulic performance, considering network layouts with different level of topological redundancy.
“…Though incurring additional expenses for pipe installation on new sites, the closure of the external loops in phase 2 enables money savings in the diameters used in other parts of the network, therefore resulting in better hydraulic performance with equal total cost. This confirms the results obtained in 7 – 9 about the benefits of topological redundancy. Figure 9 Pareto front of optimal trade-off solutions between total cost C and minimum pressure head h min in the network, obtained in optimization 1 (phase 1) and optimization 2 (phase 2), considering the network configurations with open and closed external loops, respectively.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In this context, Lamaddalena et al 7 proposed a sequential algorithm for identifying the loops to be closed to improve the hydraulic performance, whereas Fouial et al 8 implemented loop re-closure in the framework of the multi-objective genetic optimization. Furthermore, Masoumi et al 9 presented a multi-objective methodology based on the Max–Min ant optimization to design both layout and pipe diameters in pressurized irrigation networks operating on-demand.…”
This paper presents an innovative methodology for the design of pressurized irrigation networks. Compared to other methodologies proposed in the scientific literature, it features three novel aspects: (i) construction of peak demand scenarios based on the random selection of installation nodes for hydrant heads available in each sector of irrigated properties; (ii) realistic hydraulic modelling of outflows from hydrant heads by means of the pressure driven approach; and (iii) adoption of linear constraints to enforce the telescopic property in the distribution of diameters from the source towards the external areas of the network in the optimized design. The applications of the methodology to the real network serving an irrigated area of 750 ha in Northern Italy proved that the aspects (i) and (ii) contribute to the accurate modelling of the current network while highlighting its hydraulic deficiencies. The adoption of the linear constraints described in (iii) in the context of the bi-objective genetic optimization of network diameters resulted in the speeding up of the algorithm convergence. The results show how decision makers can choose the ultimate configuration based on budget considerations from the trade-off solutions obtained between installation costs and hydraulic performance, considering network layouts with different level of topological redundancy.
“…The problem involves decision-making based on a selection of alternatives according to a series of criteria or variables. In this case, decision-making will not be carried out solely based on economic criteria, as is often the case [27], but with the involvement of various criteria such as impacts, types of terrains, issues in obtaining permissions, etc. Hence, it is decided to use methodologies from the Multicriteria Decision Theory.…”
Section: Objective and Problem Statementmentioning
On numerous occasions, we often have very little information or must make a decision considering qualitative aspects that are difficult to evaluate. This study focuses on obtaining objective criteria to assist in decision-making in the design phase of pressurized water pipes in collective irrigation networks. In the layout of these networks, various types of paths and roads for laying pipes can be encountered, and it is not always a simple task to obtain the least costly layout or the one with the fewest issues during construction. In order to obtain objective results, different layout alternatives are evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Multicriteria Analysis Methodology and the Dijkstra algorithm to obtain optimal solutions. This is applied to twelve case studies where the types of available layout paths are identified as alternatives, and four criteria are established for their evaluation. Recognized experts in irrigation modernization conduct the evaluation to derive weighting coefficients for selecting the optimal layout. The coefficients or resistances obtained weigh the lengths of the pipes, allowing the selection of the most suitable alternative based on the defined criteria. The results are compared with a network designed by an expert using classical methodologies, revealing cost improvements in the design phase and a reduction in conflict points, thus leading to faster execution of the works.
“…A modified version of Labye's iterative discontinuous method (LIDM) was used which gives several solutions that finally converge to an optimized design [31]. Max-min ant system (MMAS) algorithm has been used to obtain the minimum cost design considering layout and pipe diameters of the network simultaneously [32].…”
In tropical countries like India, irrigation is necessary to grow crops in the nonmonsoon period. The conventional methodology for conveying irrigation water from the source to the field is through open canals. However, considering huge losses due to evaporation and percolation, a modern system of irrigation like pipe irrigation network (PIN) is desired. Advancement in technology has led to the progress in the PIN as they are compatible with modern irrigation facilities such as sprinkler and drip irrigation systems. In the present study, the layout of the PIN is designed and optimized in two phases. Initially, the looped network is traced out for the Bakhari distributary of the Kanhan Branch Canal, India. Minimum spanning tree (MST) network is obtained from the looped network using Prim's algorithm to calculate the nodal demands. The layout optimization of the MST is carried out using the Steiner concept to obtain the initial Steiner tree (IST). The steady-state hydraulic analysis and design are carried out for the looped and IST network. The results show that the percentage of length decreasing from the looped network to the MST network is 51.58%. The IST network is the optimized network having the minimum length showing a 12.21% length reduction compared to the MST network. The total reduction in the cost of the Steiner tree is found to be 4.25% compared to the looped network. Steiner concept application to large irrigation networks can reduce the length of the network thereby minimizing the total project cost.
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